A personal response Thomas Kinsella Essay Example

An individual reaction Thomas Kinsella Essay Example An individual reaction Thomas Kinsella Paper An individual reaction Thomas Kinsella Paper Thomas Kinsella is a writer that is mindful of fleetingness. He likewise shows me through his verse that the things we recollect as youngsters take on an alternate significance when we are more seasoned and furthermore that when somebody dies, we additionally take a gander at the recollections of that individual in an alternate manner. His verse has an unforgiving point of view toward maturing, getting old and in any event, picking up information to a certain extent, anyway he isn't all fate and melancholy (as we find in Model school, Inchichore and Dick King), he can likewise take a positive view on things, even demise! My preferred part of his verse is the manner in which he can show you another viewpoint while as yet utilizing basic, ordinary language generally. Once in a while, his sonnets can be perused in various manners! Kinsella is one of a kind from different artists in the way that he was impacted by hypotheses of Carl Jung. No other artist I have concentrated on the leaving cert course that utilizes outside motivation as emphatically. He likewise expounds a decent arrangement on individuals throughout his life, or who were a major part of his life, in his verse and I imagine that stands to him as an individual. It shows that even in his work, he ponders the individuals who mean a great deal to him. A sonnet that has an exceptionally solid feeling of short life is Mirror in February. The writer has a revelation while shaving in the mirror one day. He understands that he is a similar age as Jesus when he died,reach the period of Christ, yet the artist has not practiced his lifes mission. To me, it appears as though the writer fixates on his age and the dread of developing old for they are not made entirety. Kinsella is desirous of the trees since they show signs of improvement bearing and return again throughout the Spring, while Kinsella can't simply be reestablished. When he ages, the years remain with him, in what capacity should the substance not quail that length for range is ravaged more? . We can tell that Kinsella isn't content with the possibility of himself developing old, while the trees remain apparently ever-enduring, In moderate dislike. This sonnet gives me a decent understanding of the emotions that Im sure a significant number of the grown-ups in my life have encountered at some phase in their lives, and sentiments that, I am certain, I will look in time. It has additionally given me that albeit maturing is definitely a piece of life, I can go about it in two different ways. I can deny it for as long as Possible before I need to acknowledge the it, or I can do what Kinsella does in this sonnet, which I very much want, and simply acknowledge it as a major aspect of life. I crease my towel. not youthful and not inexhaustible, however man. Kinsella isnt cheerful about the way that hes maturing (and who is? ) however he can acknowledge it and appreciate the time he has left with satisfaction in being what his identity is, and I like that about him as an individual. The fundamental sonnet from kinsellas works that shows transition is His dads Hands. This sonnet is excessively flighty and long for my enjoying yet I can unquestionably identify with what he says and this is presumably the sonnet I can identify with generally out of all of Kinsellas sonnets that we have concentrated all through the leaving cert course. Things like how his dad pulverizes the point by nudging the air, help me to remember my family as my dad does precisely the same his fingers pushed and goaded damaging his point. At the point when my dad does it, I as well, daydream and begin considering different things. Kinsellas granddad likewise helps me to remember my own. My father is a carbon copy of him, so I frequently think about my granddad when I see my father. This is actually what Kinsella does also. I have watched his dads hands before him. My granddad is additionally in need of a hearing aide and close to dazzle, as the granddad in His dads hands seems to be. To his hard of hearing, slanted head. This sonnet helps me to remember my granddad and consequently alone, I truly like this sonnet. Anyway dissimilar to this sonnet, my granddad isn't a confined figure, that is viewed with feel sorry for, my granddad is the life and soul of a gathering now and again thus I can never peruse this sonnet and feel the bitterness and dejection that others do, however that is an or more in my eyes. This sonnet really motivated me to think back to my foundations, and find increasingly about who my family was before me. Furthermore, a few years before that the Family originated from some place around Tullow. In spite of the fact that the style of the sonnet isnt the sort I typically like, this sonnet is truly significant to me and I dont figure I will ever overlook it as a result of the impact it has had on me.

In george orwell's Animal Farm, what is the difference between art and Essay

In george orwell's Animal Farm, what is the distinction among workmanship and propanda - Essay Example The way toward accomplishing supreme force, the craft of deception, and the manner in which mistreated are interminably abused so as to appreciate political force are figuratively depicted in Animal Farm by the skilful utilization of incongruity and parody. An examination of the job of craftsmanship and publicity in Animal Farm is the focal point of this paper. For an authoritarian government publicity is fundamental so as to impact its crowd. In the wake of choosing some significant realities or data, they are introduced in such a convincing way, that they get infused into the psyches of the individuals with little opposition. Purposeful publicity is likewise expected to counter this sort of move. For instance â€Å"our lives are hopeless, difficult, and short. We are conceived, we are given just such a great amount of food as will keep the breath in our bodies†, discloses to Old Major to his confidants (Ch. 1). The progressive soul is subsequently placed in the brains of the overall population, by Old Major, in Manor Farm. In this manner, promulgation is an unavoidable political instrument in a general public. The issue emerges when the data is chosen with an evil thought process, to accomplish some childish enthusiasm for an individual or a gathering, or when it gets hurtful to the individuals, in this book for the creatures: War will be war. The main great individual is a dead one (Ch. 1V). The worry here is on the enthusiastic reaction instead of on the discerning reaction. This sort of purposeful publicity is utilized to promote some political motivation without taking the government assistance of the individuals into thought. At last it likewise expect the type of political fighting, prompting authoritarianism. Orwell has not composed his novel to pacify a specific gathering. John Rodden composes, â€Å"Orwell allegedly told his companion Stephen Spender, the notable English writer, that he â€Å"had not composed a book against Stalin so as to g ive promulgation to capitalists† (Rodden, 135). Hence, Animal Farm is to be viewed as a gem written to censure all types of autocracy. Animal Farm, in this way, is certifiably not a political work planned to proliferate that despotism is terrible. Actually, it is an artistic work which just takes the abhorrent idea of tyranny as its substance. It empowers the understudies to concentrate all parts of parody, and furthermore illuminates them on how compelling purposeful anecdote is in writing. Character advancement is eminent in Animal Farm. â€Å"Squealer, with round cheeks, twinkling eyes, deft developments, and a piercing voice† uncovers his actual nature (Ch. 11). Orwell gives minute subtleties of every single creature, its characteristic senses, without overlooking that they are the exaggerations of incredible political characters. Their job is to spread to the perusers the eccentricities of their human firsts in legislative issues they speak to, and they do it very well without overlooking their unique tails or wings. Assortment is the lavishness of Animal Farm, a get together of perplexing and clashing characters joining for a reason. They reenact the chronicled and political occasions eminently, which whenever introduced as a book of history or legislative issues would have produced shock and fatigue. In the hands of Orwell craftsmanship and purposeful publicity unite to blessing to the perusers an awesome bit of abstract work. The regular workers is introduced in the novel very

What to Do When You Know Youre Going to Miss a Deadline

What to Do When You Know Youre Going to Miss a Deadline Deadlines! Everyone dreads them, yet they are unavoidable and very important. Deadlines help to keep you accountable, they help you to prioritize what you will work on and push you to get your work done. Meeting deadlines also keeps your bosses and clients happy and boosts the morale and productivity of your team.As important as they are, sometimes it becomes impossible to meet your deadlines. Either you have a lot on your table, the design team didn’t get the designs to you on time, or you underestimated the time it would take you to get the work done. Regardless of the reason, you have realized that your deadline is fast approaching and there is nothing you can possibly do to get the work done on time. Butterflies start fluttering inside your belly and the panic hits you like a Mack truck.You know your boss, client or whoever is expecting your work is going to be mad. Your panic is justified. A survey by recruitment company Career Builder shows that 35% of employers have sacked a n employee for work-related delays.If you have a looming deadline that you are afraid you won’t be able to meet, I have some good news for you. There is no need to panic. If you handle the situation with class and professionalism, you will not only keep your job, you will also earn the admiration of your boss or client, despite missing your deadline. Here’s what you should do. GIVE ADVANCE NOTICENo one wants to hear that the work they are expecting at that very moment is far from done. Here is the thing. You don’t just suddenly miss a deadline (unless you have an emergency or you scheduled the wrong day on your calendar). There are tell-tale signs that you won’t be able to meet your deadline.Maybe there were some delays getting something you required for the project. Maybe your computer crashed, forcing you to redo the work from scratch (which is why you always need to have a backup). Regardless of the reason behind missing your deadline, there is a high chance you were awar e that you will miss the deadline well in advance.Here’s the problem with most people. When they notice that there is a chance that they will miss a deadline, they go on overdrive and pull all-nighters trying to get the work done on time. The problem with that is that if you actually miss the deadline, you will inconvenience everyone who was waiting for your work. Even if you manage to complete the work on time, there is a high chance it will look like it was done by a college kid.To avoid this, you need to give an advance notice to everyone who will be affected by the delay. By notifying your boss, client or colleagues about the delay in advance, you give them the chance to readjust their schedule to accommodate the delay, rather than messing up schedules that were dependent on your work.This also makes you look professional in spite of missing a deadline. Additionally, most people will have no problem obliging your request for additional time when you notify them in advance and provide a sensible reason for requesting the extension.GIVE A BRIEF EXPLANATION OF WHY YOU ARE MISSING THE DEADLINEYou don’t want to come across as incompetent or lazy, so it is important to give a brief explanation of why you are missing the deadline.Start by offering an apology for missing your deadline and then give the reason behind the delay. If it was your fault, take responsibility for it. Doing so shows that you are a mature person and that you have learnt from the experience and are unlikely to repeat the same mistake again. If the delay was not your fault, give a simple outline of the facts that led to the missed deadline.When explaining the reason behind the delay, avoid giving meaningless excuses or placing the blame on someone else. Doing this only makes you appear unprofessional and immature.GIVE AN ALTERNATIVE DEADLINEOnce you give a notification that your work will be running late, the other person will automatically start wondering when they will receive the work so that they can focus on moving forward. What many people in this situation do is to request for some additional time.That’s not the best approach. Instead of asking for an unspecified amount of additional time, outline the amount of work that is remaining, explain what you are doing to get the work done and the amount of time you will need to get the work done.This shows that even though you are behind on your work, you are doing everything you can to deliver the work as soon as possible. This also makes it easier for others to give their suggestions on the best approach to ensure that the work is completed as quickly as possible.It’s good to keep in mind that your boss or client might push you to complete the work sooner than your alternative date, so you should be prepared for that.GIVE AN OPTION OR A BONUSMost people will have no problem giving you additional time to complete the work. Even if your boss or client gives you an extension, it is always best to assume that by m issing your deadline, you have caused some inconvenience.You should make up for the inconvenience by offering an option or a bonus. This shows that you actually take the deadline seriously, even if you were not able to meet it. If you are working directly with the client, you can give them a special discount to make up for the delay. For example, you can give the client a 10% discount on the project or give them a coupon that allows them to claim a discount on their next project.Alternatively, you can offer the client a related service for free. For example, if you were writing an eBook for the client, you can offer to design a cover for them free of charge to make up for the delay. Another option is to offer to send the work you have completed already.Offering such options or bonuses not only shows that you did not deliberately miss the deadline, it also allows you to create a positive impression despite the fact that you missed a deadline.OVER-COMMUNICATE IN THE FOLLOWING DAYSBy m issing your deadline, you have already caused some inconveniences and created unease in the mind of your boss or client. To ease their concerns, you should communicate with them regularly until you deliver the work.Give periodic updates of what you are doing and the progress you are making towards meeting your new deadline. Regular communication does a number of things. First, it gives the reassurance that you are actually working on the project and that you won’t miss the new deadline.Second, it shows the amount of work you are doing and justifies the extension. A daily or weekly update of everything you are doing makes it clear to your boss or client why you could not possibly meet the deadline and helps make sure that more realistic deadlines are set in future.Finally, it helps you come across as professional and minimizes the chances of receiving a negative remark in your performance appraisal.DELIVER ON THE NEW DUE DATEYou have already inconvenienced others by missing the fir st deadline. Nothing will make you appear more unprofessional than missing your new deadline. This is why it is very important to make sure that you can actually get the work done by your newly proposed deadline.If you miss your new deadline, people will assume that lazy and not serious with your work. If you were working directly with a client, the client might even opt not to give you any more work. In addition to delivering the work before your newly proposed deadline, you also need to deliver high quality work.What is the essence of requesting for an extension only to deliver low quality work? The higher the quality of the work you deliver, the less serious your delay will seem.MAKE SURE IT DOES NOT HAPPEN AGAINMissing a deadline once or twice is perfectly normal and is understandable and forgivable. A report by Career Builder shows that 34% of employers do not mind the occasional delay, provided it does not turn into a habit. Regularly missing deadlines, on the other hand, is c ause for serious concern. Despite having gracefully handled a missed deadline, you should give assurances that it will not happen again.Don’t stop at giving assurance. Make sure that you follow through with your promise.Sometimes, when people realize that their boss or a client was not too angry because of a missed deadline, they take it as a chance to take things lightly and slack off in their work.Don’t do that. You should always keep in mind that your clients and your bosses hired you with the expectation that you will always do your best in your job and deliver all your assignments on time. If they notice that you are slacking off, they might not hesitate to let you go.Whatever you do, make sure that missing deadlines does not become more than an occasional occurrence.WHAT NOT TO DOApart from the above steps, there are some things you should avoid doing once you realize that you are going to miss a deadline. Doing such things will negatively impact your reputation and will m ake you appear unprofessional. These include:Don’t Make ExcusesWhen you realize that you are going to miss a deadline, your first instinct might be to come up with an excuse to explain the delay. Either your computer unexpectedly crashed, you got sick, your mother in law came visiting, your kids got sick, your dog died, or some other funny excuse.Also known as rationalization, this is a psychological defense mechanism that your mind uses to justify the unacceptable behavior while avoiding the actual reason behind the behavior. By coming up with excuses, you avoid taking responsibility for missing the deadline.Well, no one wants to hear your half-baked excuses. They just want to know when the work will be ready. Excuses don’t make you appear like a victim of circumstance as you would wish.Instead, they make you look like a lazy guy who cannot manage their time well. Therefore, instead of coming up with a litany of excuses, simply apologize for missing the deadline and give an alt ernative date when the work will be ready.Don’t Ignore ThemThis is another common response when people realize that they are going to miss a deadline. Instead of communicating the delay to the boss or client, they decide to go mute until they are ready to deliver the work. While your boss or clients does not want to hear lame excuses, it does not mean that they don’t want an update on why the work is yet to be delivered. Maybe you don’t want to get yelled at, and that’s understandable.However, by going mute, you not only inconvenience the other person, you also make them more worried and angrier, which will only lead to a more intense lashing out when you finally decide to communicate. To avoid this, make it a point to notify your boss or client the minute it becomes apparent to you that you won’t be able to meet the deadline.Don’t Engage In Blame GamesSometimes, missing a deadline might not be your fault. Somebody else might have made it impossible for you to meet the d eadline.Either a colleague or client did not deliver something you needed on time, more work was added to the project, and so on. In such situations, it might be very tempting to place the blame on the person you feel is responsible for the missed deadline and rant about how lazy and incompetent they are, or how they lied to you. Don’t do this.Directly accusing another person only makes you look like a jerk. What you need to do in this situation is to simply state the facts that led to the missed deadline and leave it to the person you owe the work to work out for themselves who to blame.Don’t Make Promises You Cannot KeepOnce you miss a deadline, your reputation is already on the line. In this situation, it is very easy to find yourself making grand promises in an attempt to save your reputation. You might promise to have the work ready by the next day or to give them a special bonus to make up for the delay.Before doing this, you need to ask yourself if this is something you w ill actually do. Are you confident that you will get the work done by the date you have promised? Are you actually willing to do some free work for the client?Promising something and not following through will lead to an even bigger blow to your reputation. What you need to do is to be honest with, both with yourself and your boss or client. For instance, it is better to say that the work will take an extra week instead of promising that it will be ready within two days only for you to miss the deadline again.HOW TO REDUCE THE CHANCES OF MISSING A DEADLINE While the tips I shared above will make it easier for you to gracefully and professionally handle a missed deadline, it is always better to avoid missing the deadline in the first place. Below are some tips on how to minimize the chances of missing a deadline in future.Have A Reminder Schedule Of All Due DeadlinesYou should have a record of all promised deliverables, communication, or service. Enter them on your calendar or planne r and then create reminders to give you an alert a few days before the deadline is due.Doing this ensures that you are on top of all due deadlines and prevents deadlines from catching you unawares. Being reminded when deadlines are approaching also makes it easier to prioritize the work with the closest deadline.Create A Buffer On Due DatesIf it is up to you to choose a deadline for a project, don’t give the exact date when you think the work will be done. Give yourself a buffer on the due date. For instance, if you think that it will take you 5 days to complete the work, tell your boss or the client that the work will be ready in a week.The two extra days provide you with some flexibility to still deliver on time in case something unforeseen comes up or if the project takes longer than you expected. Giving yourself a buffer on the due date has an added advantage. If you complete the work within the 5 days, you can deliver it two days before the actual deadline.This is a surefire way of leaving your boss or client impressed. If you are unsure of how long a project will actually take, don’t just choose a deadline and then hope that you will somehow beat it. Instead, reach out to someone with experience in that field and have them advice you on how long it might take.Know When You Have Hectic Weeks AheadSometimes, missed deadlines are a direct result of having too much on your table. To avoid missing deadlines because you had so much to do, you should look ahead to see other obligations that might interfere with your work.For instance, if you notice that you have some work due on Friday next week yet you have meetings scheduled for Tuesday and Wednesday, you can get started on your projects early so that the meetings do not derail you from meeting your deadlines.Learn To Say NoSometimes, you will be given deadlines that are impossible to meet. If you notice that the deadline is not workable, do not be afraid to decline the assignment. If you accept the assig nment, it does not matter if you turn into superman in an attempt to get the work done; if you miss the deadline, you will still be treated as someone who does not take their work seriously.To avoid this, make it clear to your boss or client that the deadline is not workable. If they are not willing to change the deadline, politely decline the assignment.Get Started TodayI have noticed that when people are given an assignment, many of them wait until the deadline approaches before getting started on the work. The problem with this is that you will not be able to get the work done on time in case something unexpected comes up. To avoid this, you should get started on any due work as soon as you can.Don’t put it off till later, unless you have some other important assignment you need to complete first. Getting started right away also allows you to identify early on if something you need is missing. Imagine being given a one month deadline for a project and then calling the recipient a week to the deadline and telling them that something you need to start the project is missing.This shows that you do not take their work seriously and that you put it off till the last minute, and they are unlikely to be impressed.Avoid DistractionsMany times, people miss deadlines not because they did not have enough time, not because they had a lot on their table, not even because the assignment was challenging, but because of distractions. How many times have you spent an hour scrolling your social media feed or chatting with colleagues at the office when you know that you need to be working on a certain project?I bet this has happened to all of us.To avoid wasting the time you should spend working on your assignments, try to limit the amount of time you spend on websites, social media and office banter. Try turning off notifications on your phone so that messages and activity on your social media do not distract you.If colleagues stop by your desk for a chat that exceeds a mi nute, politely let them know that you are busy and that you will get back to them for a chat once you are done with your work.WRAPPING UPIn the course of your professional life, it is inevitable that you will miss a deadline at some point. A missed deadline should not be a source of panic. If handled gracefully, you can turn a missed deadline into an opportunity to showcase your professionalism.Once you notice that you are going to miss a deadline, give a notice as early as possible, apologize for missing the deadline, briefly explain what caused you to miss the deadline and then give an alternative date when the work will be ready. If possible, give options or a special bonus.Avoid giving excuses, ignoring the recipient, blaming others or giving promises you cannot keep. Once you receive an extension, give regular updates on your progress, make sure you deliver by the new deadline and try as much not to miss another deadline.

The Importance of Reading and Writing - 655 Words

The Importance of Reading and Writing Reading and writing are both important; you can’t have one without the other. They are skills that are increased constantly due to little things that most times are not noticed. Whether it is from a book to a poem, there will always be a way that it helps out your school performance. Reading and writing in general only helps absorb information, and enhance leisure or school related writing tasks. It has also made life itself so much easier because reading and writing are so beneficial for school and for life. How much you read and write today, will somehow affect your future job, family, position, or even your salary. Despite the fact that most people feel that reading is a leisure†¦show more content†¦So writing itself is a form of art, I’d say because it has to appeal to the reader, you won’t be writing something to put it on shelves only or for your literature teacher to read, it’s for the people so they can get enlightened. Reading comes as the second commandment, you write first and then you read, and the more you read what you write, the more you get better in writing. Reading helps in mental development and is known to stimulate the muscles of the eyes and it is also an activity that involves greater levels of concentration and adds to the conversational skills of the reader. The habit of reading also helps readers to convert new words and phrases that they come across in everyday conversations. It helps us to stay in-touch with contemporary writers as well as those from the early times and makes us sensitive to global issues. Reading develops a person’s creativity. Unlike movies where everything is determined by the producer, writer and director, books allow students to create in their minds how a particular character looks like or imagine how a scene plays out. In conclusion, writing and reading can’t be created in vain, there was a fine good reason behind it and of course it was to help the humanity acknowledge lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Reading And Writing For Writing893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Reading and Writing How important is reading and writing to you? Do you despise reading, and believe that reading, and writing is useless tasks that we do not need to learn? Literature is not math, it is extremely important to learn, even if you do not go into a field where English is required. We use reading and writing every day. In this essay I will explain why I believe that literature is important. I will give personal examples about why I think that reading and writing areRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing782 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen interested in why reading and writing is important, because of this I look up interesting facts about reading and writing, which I ‘d like to share. The importance of reading is 50 percent of U.S adults can’t read a grade book. 33 percent of high school graduates will never real open a book after high school. Also, In United States four out of 5 students are not proficient writers. About 17 percent of college freshman required remedial wri ting classes .I believe reading can be compared breathingRead MoreImportance Of Reading And Writing827 Words   |  4 Pagesdescription in my writing to help the reader feel like they are a part of the story. I would describe myself as a novice reader looking to become an avid reader. Whenever I do choose to read, I find it to be a great way to escape reality. I feel I am going to another place and time. I become invested in the characters and feel like I am a part of the story. Writing allows me to express my thoughts. I love to create a story line and help the readers to picture the scene. Reading and writing, to me, areRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing860 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to school in order to have the essentials I need in life. Reading and writing make the world go round. If the human race was unable to express their voices, we would all be doomed. Reading gives you knowledge, it allows you to step into another person’s shoes, to see, to feel, to learn and to imagine what they experienced. Without writing there would be nothing to read. They go hand and hand. I was never a fan of reading, I had trouble pronouncing words as a kid; in fact I had to goRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing1039 Words   |  5 PagesReading and writing has never come very easy to me. There have been a lot of factors that hinder me from being able to read and write well. English has always been my least favorite class during elementary school throughout high school and it still is now in college. I can count the number of books that I’ve actually been able to completely finish reading on one hands. In school, whenever we were assigned to read however many chapters of a book at night, I would just look up the spark notes for thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing915 Words   |  4 PagesReading and Writing matters a lot in today’s society to be successful. I interviewed three individuals on their perspective of reading and writing. Here is a little about them. I first interviewed my cousin LaTeeka Fullum in person. She works at University Hospital as a patient care assistant in the Seidman Center . My cousin LaTeeka has a warm heart; for saving lives. The second person I interviewed, also in person, was my best friend Jessica. She is a registered nurse and works at Cleveland ClinicRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing As A Person848 Words   |  4 Pagesprogress? The two most important skills are reading and writing. It is a talent that every single person has and become very important developmental skills that progress as a person gets older. Many people believe that these skills are important because it is a way to express feelings and thoughts. People view reading and writing as a way to express oneself and they feel like it is important to have a way to express feelings and thoughts. Reading and writing helps a person function in the world whetherRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing Skills1068 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloping reading and writing skills, which can include w riting information on job applications, understanding laws, and reading road signs. These skills are critical to learn at a young age because they help students with academics, affect how quickly the everyday person can read or write in the future, and impact the jobs citizens can get after graduating. Reading and writing have impacted me in a numerous amount of ways, both positively and negatively. Looking back, the lack of reading and writingRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing On My Life1376 Words   |  6 Pages Reading and writing are two of the most important tools in my life, because without them I would not have an education. They form the basis of a class; for example, completing a lab in chemistry would not be possible without following a written lab procedure. These two skills are taught at such a young age, and as education advances students must continue to strive to reach a higher level. I can remember in elementary school, we were always pushed to reach the next reading level once we had successfullyRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing From Old Frizzy Haired Child Essay2150 Words   |  9 Pagesit comes through full circle as I realized that growing up in a household where everybody read frequently, instilled in me the value of reading and writing from an early age. 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What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Explanatory Essay Topics Ideas and What You Need to Do Different

What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Explanatory Essay Topics Ideas and What You Need to Do Different An essay is only a string of thoughts which have been put in order to create a coherent idea. When you've done your research, you should start composing your paper. An excellent essay outline example is able to help you get your essay written quickly. If this is the case, you could have a fantastic beginning to your expository essay. Then you need to focus on your reader. An excellent introduction can help you to establish your argument. If you're going to compose an expository essay, be ready to devote much time hitting books. A thriving process essay is going to be detailed enough so a reader will have all the info required to finish the job. Actually, understanding essay question requires more time than you believe, but it's among the most important facets of essay writing process. Locate the trustworthy information for the essay topic you will work on. You may write about just about any topic you want. Certainly, embarking on a search to select an explanatory essay topic is similar to searching for a needle in a haystack! Still, you can pick a topic and develop terrific ideas, but writing a synthesis essay is going to be a true challenge to overcome. Explanatory essay introduction wants a strong hook to entice readers' interest. Synthesis essay produces a discourse which can be a profound argument, although your topic and the manner in which you investigate it might provoke interesting thought in the audience's minds. Each expository essay is going to have definite objective. Sometimes it's a matter of widening your search area in case you don't find what you desire. Therefore, if you would like to have nontrivial expository essay topic that necessitates thorough research, choose something which refers to a technological region of study. No matter how you're feeling about them, it has to be noted they're remarkable and are rather similar in structure, design and destruction. Last but not the least, you must use easy and legible language that is simpler for the reader to comprehend and help to set a logical relation between the introduction, body and the conclusion. Definitions of Explanatory Essay Topics Ideas Thus, you may easily gather information and present various views on the discipline. Following that, you're going to be prepared to analyze the provided topics and select the best one. The site is user-friendly and can readily generate you a list of topics you may come across interesting. If you don't know them, look on the internet for a ph otograph, and any other information that you may use. There are various forms of expository essays. An explanatory essay sample is there on the site of Students Assignment Help to understand the essay quality offered to the students. You will have to incorporate all your research sources in a bibliography. An explanatory article is among the most popular academic requirements in school. The Debate Over Explanatory Essay Topics Ideas Think of a certain skill you've got and may teach others. Human characters also have been used to emphasize the book's issues and themes. Among the challenges which you may face while being assigned to compose a synthesis essay is the proper selection of topic. The book has many minor characters. Do not presume that your readers already know something about the things you're going to present to them. There are many topics readily available today which form a terrific foundation for the upcoming informative essay. To put it differently, it's a guide on how best to do something. All the above are fantastic animal farm essay ideas which you can decide to explore. Affordable papers is a company which has been assisting thousands of consumers from the us uk and europe during the past ten years. It is possible to get ideas about how to produce your own outline also. It ought to be relevant, catchy, and manageable you will need to be sure that you may cover it well and offer enough intriguing ideas.

Features of Spoken Language Free Essays

There are many aspects of spoken language that I have used in my home. When I am speaking to a person with a higher position is society, I will greatly vary my speech in terms of my vocabulary and even reduce or abolish the use of less formal features such as fillers and acronyms. However whilst I am conversing with a person of my age or a similar position in society, I will greatly use informal features such as tag questions and ellipsis. We will write a custom essay sample on Features of Spoken Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my informal conversation with the plumber, I have used an array of spoken language features such as acronyms, hedge words and even ellipsis however on the other hand, whilst conversing with my father, I have employed covert prestige so that he understands me better. In addition I believe that spoken language is different from written language because most written language is intended to be read by someone who is separated from the writer in space and time. Therefore to communicate successfully, it has to be a lot more explicit than spoken language used in a face to face conversation. Although some written genres such as texts and e-mails are very similar to spoken language, in general written language is more dense in the sense that bigger words are used in smaller spaces and it also uses more subordinate clauses and has less redundancy words like †sort of†, †like†, †you know†, †yeah? † which are dominantly found in spoken language. Spoken language tends to be full of repetitions, incomplete sentences, corrections and interruptions, with the exception of formal speeches etc. Also, Writers receive no immediate feedback from their readers, except in computer-based communication. Therefore they cannot rely on context to clarify things so there is more need to explain things clearly and unambiguously than in speech, except in written correspondence between people who know one another well. On the other hand, speech is usually a dynamic interaction between two or more people. Context and shared knowledge play a major role, so it is possible to leave much unsaid or indirectly implied. There are many factors that affect the way I speak or my idiolect. I think that I speak in a slightly informal way and use a lot of slang vocabulary in my speech. This might be related to my family background and also because I come from an under-privileged position in the society where people tend to place a greater emphasis on delivering the message than focusing on the presentation. In addition, my background and lifestyle also affects my idiolect because, I come from an ordinary working class background where, people are not formally educated, so they tend to used words that are not complicated because a person’s speech usually reflects upon their education. My personal experiences also affect my idiolect in the sense that I am a very sporty person and love games by heart. This tends to affect my vocabulary because I use a lot of technical terms which an uneducated person might not understand straightaway furthermore, I have only been attending school since year 5, this places me in a very difficult position because I sometimes cannot find words that match my emotions because I have not been educated up to a high standard. My friends also influence my idiolect because I tend to socialise with people that have a similar intellect and interests as me. This greatly affects my vocabulary because we use similar terminology that a different person might not understand. In addition, my vocabulary is greatly affected by my interests too, for example when I read a book; I will try to incorporate the words into my speech so that I will have more breadth of words and lingo. I have recorded myself conversing with two different people that have different positions in society and are also educated to different levels. This greatly affected the topics that we spoke about and also affected the vocabulary I used. In the informal transcript with the plumber we are discussing about the replacement of a pipe and a tap, on the other hand the formal conversation with my dad was about going to a football match. Both of the conversations follow Grice’s maxims in the sense that the replies are short and have a good manner. However, the structure of the conversation is very different because in one I am more comfortable and open up and in the other, I need to persuade my father so I need to use my best vocabulary in order to be manipulative. Whilst looking at the transcript with the plumber in an informal situation, I immediately realise that I have a tendency to talk and give suggestions whilst the other person is still speaking, this is evident in the transcript because the topic of discussion was very mundane and did not contain anything educational so I felt that there was nothing for me to learn so why not present a quick reaction and agree with what the other person is saying. This adds emphasis to the point that peers do not mind if they are cut in between because of the informality of the situation. It also suggests that the two peers share a bond in the sense that they do not mind and will forgive the other person who has intruded in what they were saying. This might suggest that the people who usually employ such methods come from a background where this is seen as acceptable whereas formally educated people or people with a higher position in society will usually wait for their turn until the other person has finished speaking and follow the feature of turn taking which is evident in the formal transcript because it is seen as impolite to interrupt. People usually look down upon a person who employs this tactic because the person assumes a higher intellect than the person they interrupt because they don’t wait for them to finish their sentence, people who employ this technique might also come off as over-confident or over-smart. As the situation was very informal and relaxed, we could relate and form a bond of compassion where I do not need to be overly formal or employ formal features such as Standard English because we can relate in terms of background etc. This proves the point that I was able to successfully manipulate my speech depending on the situation and the person who I am speaking with. In addition to having lots of interruptions, the informal conversation contains lots of acronyms and initialisations such as â€Å"I gotta leave ASAP† and â€Å"LOL, that’s funny cos’ my friend goes to Copland†. This suggests that the situation is very hasty and I have employed this feature in my speech to reduce the time it takes to deliver a message. By, using â€Å"ASAP† in my speech, I was able to emphasise the hastiness of the situation and was also able to show wariness of the change in language over time. I have employed this feature because I would like to fit in with the way my peers speak to avoid social exclusion where no-one understands what I am trying to imply. This feature is extensively used in my and the plumber’s idiolect for convenience because we would like to deliver a longer message in a shorter amount of time without losing the importance of the message. In formal situations, people will usually keep acronyms as their last resort because it shows that a person is too lazy to finish their sentence which might be perceived as not being confident enough. However, it shows that a person is aware and embraces change in the English language, for example people who use Received Pronunciation, can be seen as ignorant or unaware of the changes that English has had to suit convenience. How to cite Features of Spoken Language, Papers

Performance driven compensation plan

Life skills software project is focused on offering better quality learning for students in foundation schools. The school aims at improving the enrollment rates in the near future while at the same time maintaining a high level of quality in education standards.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Performance driven compensation plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Current student number of students stands at 1000 but the enrolment rate increases by 5% every year. There are also plans to expand and build new branches. The software has over 800 learning modules which focus on skills like call for emergency, the use of public transportation, paying for items purchased in a store, developing monthly budgets, setting up account as well as other basic communication skills for the students. The software incorporates fun and interactive games, videos and fun activities. The effectiveness of the software to train and equi p the students can be confirmed by the fact that it won the software of the year award. Problem Statement Despite the great advantage availed by the software, there is a great challenge of ensuring the teachers get to fully implement the software in the learning process. This requires two aspects to flow parallel to each other. The teachers must be willing and able to learn the usage and application of the software. On the other hand, they must be willing and able to use the software optimally to ensure that as many students as possible learn the skills. Topics The applicable topics in developing the plan include leadership in program management, effective use of data and metrics in achieving optimal performance as well as performance management tactics. Leadership in program management will ensure that the teachers are fully motivated to learn and execute the program.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case the schools administration has to develop a comprehensive strategy to motivate the teachers. This should start with the education of the teachers on the importance of understanding and implementing the life skills software in the teaching process. This definitely develops more interest towards the system. Secondly, the teachers should be led to understand that not applying the software makes their work more difficult given the pending increases in the teacher to student ratio (Leadership, 2010, par3). Effective use of data and metrics in achieving optimal performance is critical towards developing an incentive program which is sustainable. Part of the incentives applicable to boost the teacher’s morale in learning and implementing the software would be to reward the teachers for progress both on the level of acquisition of the knowledge to use the system as well as the success to which they are able to apply the system in their teaching practice . Profitability will definitely be improved when the software is applied to a larger number of students without hiring more teachers. Performance management tactics entails taking actions which ensure that emerging issues are effectively solved and do not present hindrances to performance. In the application of the software, it is important that a timeframe is developed to ensure that the teachers learn the software and effectively apply it. Continued evaluation of the teacher’s performance will also offer a better channel of identifying and improving on emerging problems (Performance Management Tactics, 2009, par4). Applying these topics will undoubtedly mean a much better plan for the school and more importantly boost the profits obtained from expansion in enrolment while not expanding expenses. Two companies Nissan and Toyota are known for their successful implementation of leadership in management which has led to phenomenal growth of the companies.Advertising We wil l write a custom report sample on Performance driven compensation plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Leadership, (2010). Management about.com. Retrieved from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/leadership-4161685 Performance Management Tactics, (Sept 2009). The Thriving Small Business. Retrieved from https://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/3-performance-management-tactics/ This report on Performance driven compensation plan was written and submitted by user Catalina M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tannery Industries in the Hajaribagh Area and Its Impact on the Urban Form and Morphology Essays

Tannery Industries in the Hajaribagh Area and Its Impact on the Urban Form and Morphology Essays Tannery Industries in the Hajaribagh Area and Its Impact on the Urban Form and Morphology Essay Tannery Industries in the Hajaribagh Area and Its Impact on the Urban Form and Morphology Essay Hazaribagh is a densely populated unplanned area of Dhaka city where about 185 leather processing industries have been operating and discharging solid and liquid wastes directly to the low-lying areas, river and natural canals without proper treatment. For this unsympathetic development of the city urban living environment is deteriorating and becoming unlivable. Hazaribagh area is an unplanned area where leather processing industries have begun to develop from 1950s. Due to the rapid expansion of these industries since 1950s and their untreated toxic effluent discharge, it has a measurable impact on the living environment of this area. The regulatory measures are not that much practiced to restrict pollution. So the contamination level has reached to a level that the citizens are suffering from different pollution related problems. A detailed level policy frame work and planning implication is essential for the development of the area and for ensuring livable environment. To assess the environmental degradation of heavy metals of water samples, heavy metals and organic carbon content of sediment were analyzed by many project works and thesis. This study is based on secondary source materials and is focused on how these tannery industries evolved in this particular place? Why it has emerged so rapidly? And what impact it has been extending to the surrounding zones especially on the forms and morphology of the neighborhood. TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Introduction4 2. Objectives and scope of the Study5 . Methodology5 4. History of Tannery Industry in Bangladesh6 5. Hazaribagh Tannery in Dhaka City6 6. Hazaribagh Tannery: Impact on the form and morphology in Surrounding Environment 8 6. 1Houses and Residence of Hazaribagh Tannery9 6. 2Road Network and Drainage System of Hazaribagh Tannery10 6. 3Locations of Industries11 6. 4UNIDO environment Programme 12 7. Findings and Analysis12 7. 1 Socio economic condition of surrounding area13 7. 2 Physical condition of sur rounding areas14 7. 3 Biodiversity and Pollution14 8. Tannery Relocation and Settlement of Hazaribagh Tannery and15 Redevelopment of Hazaribagh Tannery Area 9. Recommendation and Conclusion19-21 10. References 22 1. Introduction Tanneries are the oldest industries in Bangladesh of which 95 percent are concentrated mainly in Hazaribagh area of Dhaka city. It is also a potentially rich manufacturing sector in terms of both financial return and social benefits. Hazaribagh with an area of 3. 8 square kilometer is surrounded by Mohammadpur thana on the north, Kamrangirchar thana on the south, Dhanmondi and Lalbagh thanas on the east, Keraniganj upazila and Buriganga river on the west. It is situated on the south-west part of capital Dhaka. The first tannery industry in Dhaka was established hundred years ago. Later on for the higher profit, concentration of industries increased with in a short period of time. This uncontrolled expansion of industrial zone extended its pressure on physical condition of environment and transformed the area to a brown field. It is now very essential to redevelop the site in planned and controlled manner. Due to the rapid growth of populations demand of housing is also increased and urbanization extended to this peripheral zone. The Hazaribagh area has a great mix up of industrial and residential activities. This residential areas has a huge shortage of ancillary facilities. Further more toxic pollutant from the industries is a serious threat for them. The dumping of untreated wastes from tannery industries in Hazaribag, Dhaka is the major source of pollution of Buriganga. The chromium released from the Hazaribag tannery industries has been contaminating the water of the river Buriganga for the last forty-five years. This highly polluted water is spreading various diseases including cancer. A statistics available from the Department of Environment reveal that 95 per cent of the tannery industries have been built in unplanned way at the congested places of Hazaribag during the last fifty years. At present during the peak monsoon about 21 thousand and 600 cubic meters of liquid toxic wastes are dumped daily into the river Buriganga from the 185 tannery industries of Hazaribag. There is no alternative way to dump this liquid toxic waste at the time of continuous production of tannery industries. Unfortunately a recent observation of Hazaribagh clearly shows an active decay and destruction primarily attributed to unplanned growth and poor maintenance. This area now appears no more than an inner city unhygienic environment. Technical compatibility is necessary to improve the houses and the community with certain policies. An architect is one who has the socio cultural consciousness, technical assistance, historical knowledge and moreover intuition by which he can foresee the befitting three dimensional redevelopment of an area. As a student of architecture, the main concern of this study is to propose the Community a guideline for healthy living environmental keeping the unique fabric of the area with cultural and historical consciousness. 2. Objectives and scope of the study The study area has been selected here for investigation as an important and ensitive part of the Dhaka city which is associated with very hazardous environment. The major objectives of the study are: To improvement the accessibility these areas by providing a sustainable living environment. To revitalize their living standard and to improve social awareness. To identify of social infrastructure, and environmental condition of Hazaribagh tannery area to minimize those problems. In this study at first the paper describes the his tory of the tannery industry in Bangladesh as well as the background on the Hazaribag Tannery. Based on that, this paper analyses some findings of Hazaribagh tanneries and its impact on the form and morphology. This paper than addresses some means and ways to overcome the problem for better living in that area. 3. Methodology The study is based on relevant literature review, their analysis and cross–checking of the situation with field level observation and discussions. 4. History of Tannery Industry in Bangladesh From 1800 to mid 1960 South Asian used the vegetable tanned crust, a non-polluting tanning process which worked well as an environmental friendly process. The process was introduced in Bangladesh in the late 1940s. At first tanneries emerged in the Hazaribagh of Dhaka and Chandgao of Chittagong. This business was dominated by the Indians. Soon Pakistani entrepreneur replaced the Indians. After independence of Bnagladesh in 1971 changes took place in every sector and the Leather industries were not beyond it. In 1972, Tanneries Corporation has launched by the Government to make this sector more profitable. Afterwards a powerful committee was formed by the EDB (Export Development Bureau) to earn more foreign exchanges. In 1977, the Government imposed an export duty on wet blue leather which forced the industry to covert crust and finished leather into value added leather products. Many joint ventures took advantage of the Promotion and Protection Act of 1980 which brought a large amount of foreign investment to Bangladesh and the leather industries in Bangladesh flourished. 5. Hazaribagh Tannery in Dhaka City Hazaribagh, Dhaka’s biggest leather processing industrial zone, is in the middle of one of the most densely populated residential districts. Its industries freely dump untreated toxic waste directly into the low-lying area, river and natural canals. According to the Department of Environment (DoE), nearly 22,000 cubic metres of untreated and highly toxic liquid waste is discharged by the tanneries every day into the water bodies including the River Buriganga, the lifeline of the capital. Aquatic life forms of the Buriganga are seriously threatened. Residents in Hazaribagh area have been complaining for a long time that the tanneries spread bad odor and pollute the air beyond tolerable limits. pic] Dhaka city map In the Hazaribagh area processing of animal hides is done by the deadly chemicals. This work involves soaking the skins in chemical-mixed water, liming and de-liming, scrapping off meat and fat and removing hair from rawhides, and finally tanning. And all this is done with bare hands. Every day workers are exposed to poisonous chemicals like chromium, sulphur, manganese, copper compound, lead and many more. Accord ing to experts, the dangerous mixture of chemicals, acids and dyes used in the tanneries are extremely hazardous to human body. Surrounded by high walls and with very little ventilation, the air inside the factories is suffocating with fumes, heat and odour of chemicals. While large factories have some facilities, the condition in smaller factories is deplorable. 6. Hazaribagh Tannery : Impact on the form and morphology in surrounding environment The leather industry sector, which is the fourth largest foreign exchange earner of the country contributing about six per cent of total export earnings, produces 150 metric tons of solid waste every day contaminating the environment and water of the metropolis. 9 per cent of the total wastage comes from processing of hides and skin, and accumulates in the swamp-sludge and the part of the solid waste is collected by the Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) and taken to landfill sites. A woman sits with her child on the threshold of her shack in a bamboo slum. Her home is built directly over a pool of chemical waste from a nearby tannery plant which processes animal hide to m ake leather. The only way she and her children can get out of their house is by wading through the toxic water Sewerage and garbage infrastructure is poorly developed in Dhaka and it is estimated that only 18% of domestic sewerage enters the sewerage systems. Al. Highly toxic water released from Hazaribagh Tanneries accumulating in the low-lying areas inside the city’s protected embankment has been diverted into the adjacent water-retention points in the Mahammadpur slum areas. During heavy rainfall or in flood, the toxic water enters into thousands of houses. The area has been used as a dumping place for tannery waste for many years. 6. Houses and Residence of Hazaribagh Tannery The residents of the citys western part continue to suffer from the adverse effects of pollution caused by some 200 tanneries in Hazaribagh and surrounding areas. The dreadful stink of the tannery district can be smelt from miles away the residential areas like Rayerbazar, Jhigatola and parts of Dhanmondi. Even the fumes emitted by tanneries often damage their gold and silver ornaments and affects home applia nces such as TV, fridge, computer and air conditioner systems. Foot path and the adjacent area of Hazaribagh Tannery The tanneries discharge the effluents and wastes into the river system causing a large area of acid sludge alongside the flood protection embankment and the liquid wastes are dumped in the river through a flood control regulator-cum-sluice gates. During monsoon months, the flood protection embankments protect Dhaka from heavy flooding while making it difficult to flush-out waste water, thereby creating environmental hazard. During the dry season the waste water is flushed out into the river causing pollution of the river water and affecting the aquatic flora and fauna. The dumping of the solid wastes is seriously affecting the soil and plants, besides vitiating the air, groundwater and human health etc. The water quality of the river Buriganga during wet season and dry season are heavily polluted so that dissolved oxygen in the river water is found to be nil during the dry season and no aquatic animals can live in this condition. Most of the waste effluents are subjected to natural decomposition in the environment, causing serious pollution problems affecting soil, water, air and human life. Stressing the need for treatment methods to combat pollution including segregation of processed waste water, sedimentation, neutralisation and biological treatment, about half the tanneries apply some kind of solid waste reuse, while 90 per cent of the finished trimming wastes are used by the local shoemakers in and around the Dhaka City. Chemical analysis suggests that tannery wastes are characterised by strong colour, high biochemical oxygen demand, high pH and high dissolved salts. Disposal of these wastes into water course or onto land, with or without prior sedimentation, creates a great problem in the environment in the vicinity. So, it has become essential to treat the waste to a certain degree prior to its disposal. 6. 2Road Network and Drainage System of Hazaribagh Tannery At present, the existing sewage outfalls, the sewage lift operations consisting of 16 pumps and local residential drains are not adequate to properly and efficiently remove all the waste products generated by the factories and population of the affected area. This is partly a maintenance problem but an nvironmental problem was created by the discharging of wastewater with excessively high solids content and a dangerous level of chromium among other heavy metals and toxic materials. The waste water is discharged into open drains and ultimately finds way onto land surface and into natural waters in the vicinity. The roads are more or less always covered with smoke and dusts. The smoke bas ically evolved from the burning materials of the tanneries and it creates serious havoc there Untreated effluents flow unabated through the drains at Hazaribagh tannery zone leaving the workers exposed to health hazards. The toxic elements also pollute the Buriganga River A clean technology can overcome environmental pollution caused by the tanneries. Physical, chemical and biological cleaning methods for waste water are used in this sector. Physical treatments include mainly screening and primary sedimentation, the only treatment which is provided in most of the tanneries in Bangladesh. Screens are required to remove flashing, hairs and other floating substances. A continuous flow sedimentation tank designed on maximum hourly flow with four hours of detention is found to be effective in 90 per cent removal of suspended solids. However, in most of the tanneries, the fill and draw sedimentation tanks are used and found to be more efficient. But the effluent may be discharged into the sewer chock age. 6. 3Locations of Industries The water in the low lying areas near Hazaribagh, with a direct link to the Buriganga River, is polluted in such a degree that it has become unsuitable for public uses. In summer when the rate of decomposition of the waste is higher, serious air pollution is caused in the whole of Hazaribagh area, including a part of not too far high-class residential area, by producing intolerable obnoxious odors. . 4 UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Origination) environment programme An Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study has carried out by and a Dhaka-based consulting firm selected by UNIDO that has submitted a report. A five-member committee formed by the Ministry of Industries has identified a 7. 5 acre plot of land in a suitable location at Hazaribagh for the construction of the central effluent treatment plant (CETP). A Dutch consultancy firm has been engaged to prepare the engineering requirements to treat the effluent and a landfill for safe disposal of tannery sludge. . Findings and Analysis Wastes generated from the leather processing industries located in the southwestern part of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, pose serious threat to the environment. Ground water as well as the ecosystem of the area is on the verge of huge pollution making its way to be recognized sooner or later as one of the most polluted City in south Asia due to industrial activities. Untreated sewage water is released into the Buriganga. According to the Environment Department, along with the sewage from Dhaka, up to 40,000 tons of untreated tannery waste is released directly into the river every day. The unregulated operation of such large number of tanneries within a residential area has been identified by many sources as serious threat to the surrounding environment and public health. A study titled Leather Industry: Environmental Pollution and Mitigation Measures conducted by a research organization named Society for Environment and Human Development describes the physical look and smell of the area as frightening, intolerable and horrendous. According to the said study the Hazaribagh area accumulates large quantity of solid and liquid wastes in the low land on the west side that is ultimately pumped out on the other side of the Dhaka Protection Embankment, i. e. , to the river Buriganga. Such unregulated dumping has caused immense harm to the water quality of the river Buriganga and its aquatic resources that call for immediate remedial measures. Rice and wheat were grown in a pot experiment in soils from the tannery area. The wheat showed delayed maturity and stunting growth while rice showed late flowering and maturity with dark green colour. In another experiment it was observed that application of tannery effluents to soils of differing textures resulted in reduction of yield of rice, the research said adding that the adverse effect was more pronounced in light soils than in heavy soils. The effluent was also found to negatively affect performance, nodulation and growth of mung beans (dal). 7. 1 Socio economic condition of surroundings area The water in the low-lying areas near Hazaribagh, with a direct link to the Buriganga River, is polluted in such a degree that it has become unsuitable for public uses. In summer when the rate of decomposition of the waste is higher, serious air pollution is caused in the whole of Hazaribagh area, including a part of not too far high-class residential area, by producing intolerable obnoxious odors. The pollutants of tannery wastes are of inorganic, organic and toxic nature and require elaborate treatment before disposal to prevent physical, chemical and biological pollution of the receiving body of water. The tannery waste with high concentration of dissolved solids, suspended solids, chloride, color, ammonia and very high BOD and COD with no dissolved oxygen is being discharged every day in the receiving water. Extent of this problem shows how horrible situation the corporate bodies of our country can cause. The recent obligation set by the government to move these tanneries to other places in two years time shows how accommodative and least proactive the businesses are in Bangladesh. 7. 2Physical condition of surrounding areas The Hazaribagh tannery complex and other industries, primarily the glue and paint industries located in the same general area, have affected water and air quality in a large poorly drained area locked behind a 9 meters high flood control embankment constructed in 1989-1990 in south-west Dhaka City. Up until the time of embankment construction, the contaminants were washed to the Buriganga River by annual flooding. At present, the existing sewage outfalls, the sewage lift operations consisting of 16 pumps and local residential drains are not adequate to properly and efficiently remove all he waste products generated by the factories and population of the affected area. This is partly a maintenance problem but an environmental problem was created by the discharging of wastewater with excessively high solids content and a dangerous level of chromium among other heavy metals and toxic materials. 7. 3Biodiversity and Pollution There are more than 200 small, medium and large tanneries, the majority of whom produce leather on a regular basis and process more than 180 million sq ft or 74,000 tons of raw hide and skin annually. The peak production level is 400 tons a day which takes place during the Eid-Ul-Azha period. The industry subsequently creates about 106 tons of solid waste, and 13,500 cubic meters of tannery effluent daily, which is discharged into a major river causing irreparable damage to the environment. During peak production levels, the discharge effluent increases to 21,600 cubic meters and the emission of solid waste is about 170 tons per day. The pollution emanating from the tanneries is directly affecting surface water, ground water, the soil and air of the Hazaribagh area. The wastewater discharge from the tanneries is polluting the Buriganga river water and making the water completely unsuitable for any use. Furthermore, the adjoining residential areas are also badly affected by the emission of a bad odour from Hazaribagh. During the dry season, the water quality of the Buriganga and the Turag river deteriorates tremendously due to the low dilution factor. The extent of environmental pollution by the leather industry has been publicised in the countrys media as well as in many foreign media. Many foreign organisations have shown an interest in extending financial and technical assistance by carrying out surveys. Chemical analysis suggests that tannery wastes are characterized by strong color, high BOD, high pH and high dissolved salts. Disposal of these wastes into water course with or without prior sedimentation, creates a great problem in the environment, especially in the river Buriganga. Wastes are not usually treated to a certain degree before it goes to the river. 8. Tannery relocation and Settlement of Hazaribagh Tannery and Redevelopment of Hazaribagh Tannery Area Relocation of the tannery zone from the citys Hazaribagh area to the leather estate at Savar remains caught up in the complex procedures of setting up the central effluent treatment plant (CETP) while the pollution continues to play havoc on environment. Another major obstacle to the relocation project is most of the land and property at Hazaribagh is mortgaged against bank loans. Until the banks release the mortgaged property it would be impossible to shift from there. But still the project sees no headway as various issues remain unresolved. The issue of relocation of the tannery units from the residential areas of Hazaribagh has also been discussed several times at the decision making level of the Government with no concrete result as yet. Losing its beauty and glory, Buriganga is now almost a dead river. There is no high wave anymore. For miles, it contains poisonous and stinky water obstructing the livelihood of the people living and working on its banks. Using its polluted water, the slum dwellers and low-income group people are getting affected by various waterborne diseases. The tannery industry in Bangladesh is expanding, despite the social problem created due to environmental pollution. The quality of liquid waste discharged from these tanneries varies from 10 to 15 gallons per square feet of hides and skins processed. This comprising waste water, organic particular and toxic chemicals is discharged in open drains and ultimately finds its way onto land surfaces and in natural waters in the vicinity. As a result, water, air, soil, shelter and food are getting continuously polluted. There are many hazards associated with the chemicals used in the tanning processes. But the hazards can come out in two ways. One is directly by external exposure or inhalation of the chemicals used and retained, or through the waters of canals and rivers after mixing with the released effluents. Substantial work has been done to study this. But the other way, which is probably not yet studied, is the entering of harmful chemicals into the food chain through the use of solid wastes as feed staff. This is a recent phenomenon happening at large extent for the last several years. The pollutants of tannery wastes are of organic, organic and toxic nature and require elaborate treatment before disposal to prevent physical, chemical and biological pollution of the receiving body of water. The tannery waste with high concentration of dissolved solids, suspended solids, chloride, colour, ammonia etc. is being discharged every day in the receiving water. pic] Hazaribagh Leather Industry and Slums in Dhaka A clean technology can overcome environmental pollution caused by the tanneries. Physical, chemical and biological cleaning methods for waste water are used in this sector. Physical treatments include mainly screening and primary sedimentation, the only treatment which is provided in most of the tanneries in Bangladesh. Screens a re required to remove flashing, hairs and other floating substances. A continuous flow sedimentation tank designed on maximum hourly flow with four hours of detention is found to be effective in 90 per cent removal of suspended solids. However, in most of the tanneries, the fill and draw sedimentation tanks are used and found to be more efficient. No appreciable reduction of dislodged solid, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, colour and chloride can be achieved in the physical treatment process. But the effluent may be discharged into the sewer chockage. The key targets which are identified for reducing environmental impact of leather processing are replacement of chromium, more efficient use of chemicals, sulphide-free unhairing, possibly with hair recovery, utilisation of wastes, reuse of water, odour control, solvent free finishing and N-free delimiting. Todays tanners, experts say, are not only hard-pressed by the high costs of compliance with increasingly restrictive environmental legislation, but are also faced with a confusion of competing claims for alternative clean technologies. A practical database is required that would enable the tanner simply and rapidly to shortlist the most appropriate technologies for his specific needs, with the aim of minimising the costs. It would be essential for the tanner to be able to identify existing users of the technology and independent leather experts, as well as the manufacturers or inventors, whom the tanner could then separately consult. The database should give an indication of the level of development of each technology and its extent of use, since systems inevitably range from those just at research and development (RD) stage to well-established technologies in widespread use. This study also recommends building of appropriate waste treatment plants for neutralizing harmful chemicals before disposal of the waste into the environment and called upon the government to fix a legal limit value for discharge of tannery effluent to surface water. Hazaribagh tannery industries are situated in the midst of a densely populated residential area surrounded by slums, and the area is one of the worst polluted areas in Bangladesh. Its total land area is 25 hectares and this zone is categorized as Red zone according to the Department of Environment, where the morbidity rate is highest in the world. The effluents contain dissolved arsenic, sodium sulfate, lime, acids, salts, dyes, oils, suspended solids, organic matters and heavy metals like chromium, lead, etc and a study showed that very high accumulation of chromium (15,000 mg/kg of sediment) at the topsoil upto a depth of 3m in Hazaribagh area and very high concentration of chromium of about 4000 mg/L has been detected in tannery wastewater. To protect the urban environment of Dhaka City and by recent directives from High Court, Bangladesh Government has decided to shift the tannery industries from Hazaribagh area to Savar. The works for shifting the industries have already started. The dismantling area will be a real Brownfield, which would need proper investigation of the extent of pollution and to formulate guidelines for the remediation of the contaminated lands with respect to country’s socio-economic context for sustainable urban development in this area. In future, the area will be used for residential, commercial and recreational purposes. The presence of potentially contaminated sites in urban areas may cause potential threat to human beings, causing both surface and groundwater ollution by toxic, inorganic and organic substances. The aim of this research project is to reclaim urban polluted sites in Dhaka City by means of demonstration of the technical and economic feasibility of innovative soil remediation technologies. The action will be focused on the demonstration, by means of pilot experiences, of the technological and economic feasibility of innovative soil remediation technologie s for the reclamation of polluted soils in Hazaribagh Tannery area and Tejgaon Industrial area in Dhaka city. The remediation of soils in urban polluted sites will promote land-use management, the integration of new socio-economic activities in these urban areas, reduce the human exposure to toxic pollutants, promote a sustainable urban planning of these zones and contributing at the same time to quality of life through a more sustainable development of the capital of Bangladesh. 9. Recommendations and Conclusion Dhaka has been growing haphazardly due to lack of appropriate planning. The study area is very important and sensitive part of the Dhaka city which is associated with very hazardous with environment as well as community. The study of this project recommends the following: Redevelopment of the land of Tanneries with appropriate planning principles and development with adjoining areas. With the help of the appropriate authority and some developers the total land area may be redeveloped so that it can be habitable. Max uses of the site can be as green space for eco friendly environment. In Dhaka most are the places are not echo friendly and are quite densely populated so the proposed area may be made more eco friendly. Improvement of accessibility of these areas by providing a sustainable living environment. At present the accessibility in the Hazaribagh area is quite difficult this need to be improved a lot for better living. Revitalize the living standard improvement of social awareness of the local people of that area. The social awareness of the local people is also very important for better living it is most important to develop the social awareness of the people. Conserving some old buildings for important functional purpose. This can be done by transform it an attractive urban community space of urban civic life which could act as a hub to link the old the new parts of Dhaka. The countrys 220 tanneries, mostly located in Dhaka, are releasing a large quantity of toxic waste at the time of processing of leather, causing a severe environmental pollution. The pollution is seriously affecting the livelihood of some 0. 1 million people in and around the Hazaribagh area of the capital city. Some 194 of the tanneries are now housed in the citys Hazaribagh area, which is on the brink of an environmental disaster. There is no denying that most of the urban-based industries in Bangladesh pollute environment. Of them, tanneries do the extreme damage. Most of the tanneries are located in urban areas and their relocation outside the metropolitan city has not been done. It is essentially a by-product industry utilising hides and skin from animals raised primarily for their meat. In Bangladesh, the tannery solid wastes are converted to protein-concentrate to be used as poultry feed, fish feed, and in production of organic fertilizers. Over the last several years it is a common phenomenon in the largest tanning area of the country, the Hazaribagh tannery area at the south-east part of Dhaka city. One of the major concerns of these activities is the heavy metals, especially chromium, used in the tanning processes. Tanneries in the citys Hazaribagh area discharge some 21,600 square meters of liquid wastes everyday. These harmful wastes, including chromium, lead, sulphur, ammonium, salt and other materials, are severely polluting the capital city and the river Buriganga. No body knows how much harm and potential carcinogen diseases will occur to the slum inhabitants. There is no warning from the Government or aid giving agencies or their representatives. This is the vicious circle that the poorest groups are the worst victims of the foreign currency earning schemes. As per the directives by the High Court to the government on relocation of the tanneries from Hazaribagh area to Savar in eighteen months time. We were nothing short of happy when the Prime Minister had announced quite a while ago her governments decision to relocate the tannery plants from a densely populated area to a more suitable exclusive zone. But sadly it has so far remained a declaration of intent only and a mere announcement. The agencies concerned have made little headway in relocating the tannery industry. As the tannery industries in Bangladesh are well established, they cannot be shifted without enormous losses. However, efforts are in progress to shift the Hazaribagh tanneries to a suitable place in Savar, yet, at every stage of leather processing, clean technology must be applied. When new industries are set up, clean technology will have to be followed for protecting the environment. The present situation suggested that the relocation of Hazaribagh tanneries may take several more years to be completed since the authorities are facing various complications regarding land acquisition, setting up an Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), and due to reluctant tannery owners. With the prolonged delay in implementing the Tk 1. 5 billion Dhaka Tannery Estate Project (DTEP), the Buriganga River and millions of residents in the western part of the capital are set to face renewed onslaught of toxic emissions in the coming years. But due to sluggishness, non-awareness and ignorance by the countrys policy makers about tannery pollution, especially the ministry of environment and forest, environmental pollut ion by the tanning industry has continued since 1972. The environmental condition in the Hazaribagh tannery area is deteriorating but the government did not give the area the urgent environmental protection it needs. Considering the state of the environment presently prevailing, and the unbearable pressure and rapid urbanization, environmental education in Bangladesh is a crying need of the hour. Social and ecological changes today take place rapidly and affect more and more people. Environmental education can help a person in understanding these changes and provide necessary skills for adjusting them. In the above light, it is evident that the promotion and enhancement of environmental education throughout Dhaka City can help people become aware of the preservation of environment. 10. References 1. M. Azizul Islam Kazi and M. Shahidul Islam, 2006, Heavy Metal Concentration in Tannery Solid Wastes Used as Poultry Feed and The Ecotoxicological Consequences; Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka and Analytical Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka. 2. Mamun, Muntasir, 2003, Dhaka Samagra, Anannya, Dhaka. 3. Spreiregen, Paul, D. , The architecture of towns and cities, McGraw-Hill Book Company, London. 4. Mamun, Muntasir, 2004, Dhaka, 4th edition, Anannya, Dhaka. 5. DMDP, 1995, Structure Plan, Master plan and detailed area plan for Dhaka city, (volume-1), Dhaka. . DMDP, 1995, Structure Plan, Master plan and detailed area plan for Dhaka city, (volume-2), Dhaka. 7. Haque, Dr. , Sirajul and Sultana, Dr. , Sakila, 2002, Atlas of Urban Geography, Dhaka. 8. Chowdhury, Islam, Qamrul 1999, State of Environment Report 1998, Forum of Environmental Journalists of Bangladesh (FEJB). 9. Sarker, N. , C. and Khan, A. , U. , 2005, Health care facili ties of tannery workers in Hazaribagh Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 10. Ahmed, Rukanudin, 2005, Existing Environmental Status of Hazaribagh, Dhaka, Training Institute for Chemical Industries, Narsingdi. 11. cas. net, Dec. 19, 2008. 12. atimes. com, Nov. 02, 2008. 13. elaw. org, Dec. 18, 2008. 14. independent-bangladesh. com, Dec. 18, 2008. 15. who. int, Nov. 24, 2008. 16. worldbank. org, Jan. 07, 2009. 17. flonnet. com, Nov. 16, 2008. 18. The Daily Star, Published on: Nov. 30, 2008. | | | | | 22 momenunnessa student id: 1008012018 course title: urban design practices

Critical Success Factors (CSF) Analysis

Critical Success Factors (CSF) Analysis Critical Success Factors (CSF) analysis is one of the more difficult strategic management tools to understand, and is even harder to use effectively in real-world management. If properly applied, however, CSF analysis does provide a robust and very practical assessment for strategic planners and can be very effective. As with most management tools, CSF analysis is probably more effective when used together with another, complementary  tool such as SWOT or PEST analysis, because the best use of the CSF analysis is as  a tool for planning and exercising control techniques over processes, rather than as an environmental assessment tool. What Are Critical Success Factors If business and management researchers had an easy answer to that question, perhaps CSF analysis would not be such a challenge to learn to use well. In the most general sense, CSFs are the small number of activities that absolutely must be undertaken effectively for the company to have success. What those specific activities are is a source of confusion, because they are entirely dependent on the unique circumstances of the firm. That has not, however, stopped researchers from trying to develop a definitive, universal list of CSFs that can apply to any company. In a study done about five years ago (K.J. Fryer, J. Antony A. Douglas, â€Å"Critical success factors for continuous improvement in the public sector†, The TQM Magazine, vol. 19, no. 5, 2007), researchers reviewed 29 separate studies on CSFs and interviewed a number of organizations, and came up with a chart that tells us exactly nothing about which success factors are indeed â€Å"critical† (see Table 1): Table 1. CSFs and Their Importance Depending on Business Sector Success Factor Percentage of studies and businesses surveyed which defined the factor as â€Å"Critical,† by business sector: Mixed Sectors Manufacturing Service Public Sector Management commitment 100% 86% 100% 100% Training learning 67% 57% 100% 75% Supplier management 67% 43% 67% 50% Customer management 60% 57% 57% 50% Quality data measurement reporting 47% 14% 33% 50% Corporate quality culture 47% 57% 67% 50% Communication 27% 29% 0% 75% Teamwork 20% 29% 0% 50% Employee empowerment 73% 71% 67% 50% Process Management 47% 29% 33% 75% Organizational structure 47% 57% 100% 50% Product design 27% 29% 0% 25% Ongoing monitoring assessment 20% 14% 0% 50% The problem of choosing appropriate CSFs is immediately apparent; management commitment is an obvious choice, but it seems rather at odds with what we learn in management studies that a factor such as â€Å"Employee empowerment† would be fairly important to many different business sectors, while factors that should complement that – Communication and Teamwork – are not considered very important at all, and somewhat incredibly are apparently completely ignored by service-sector businesses. Wanna know more? Go here: Critical Analysis Writing SWOT Analysis Five Forces Analysis The ADL Matrix and Gap Analysis Buy a Great Paper Online But of course, this single example should be taken with a grain of salt; as they say, your results may vary, and if there is one valuable takeaway  from it, it is the suggestion of success factors that may be considered as a starting point, regardless if they are eventually found to be actually â€Å"critical† or not to a specific organization. It is also important to remember that CSFs are not fixed; they can and probably should change as the circumstances of the business change. For example, other studies have found that it is both common and relatively beneficial for firms facing financial or other crises to shift their CSFs to ones with more short-term effects and change the focus back to a more long-term perspective once the immediate difficulties are resolved. Developing Using the CSF Analysis The interesting thing about using the CSF analysis is that the process of determining what your organization’s critical success factors really are is essentially the whole point. Once the CSFs are identified, steps to see that they are managed properly can be developed using different tools or good old experience and imagination; in many instances, simply identifying what may be a critical success factor and carefully examining why it is indeed â€Å"critical† to the firm suggests the way in which it should be handled. While there are some data management and other analytical tools that can help in selecting CSFs – for example, DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) software applications – the majority of the process is good old-fashioned intuition and discussion. But there are a number of conventions that should be followed to give the selection and analysis process the best chance of success. First, CSFs should be assessed in a â€Å"top-down† fashion; the analysis is not one that is ideally-suited for ‘horizontal’ or ‘collaborative’ organizational structures. Success factors should be judged according to the relevance to the business as a whole, then individual business units or departments, then down to the individual level; if at some level the success factor is not â€Å"critical†, then it needs to be reassessed. The reason for this is that the number of CSFs should be kept to an absolute minimum. This prevents conflicts in objectives and processes and helps to prevent a dilution of effort among too many factors. Second, to avoid overlooking any factors that should be considered â€Å"critical†, potential CSFs should be assessed according to the â€Å"five sources of organizational success†, a methodology developed in the early 1980’s by MIT researcher John Rockart. Industry CSFs are conditions and operational circumstances that are common to firms within the same sector. Peer CSFs are critical success factors for one’s competitors; this obviously requires an accurate and detailed competitive analysis to be done as a prerequisite to the CSF analysis. Environmental CSFs are related to the firm’s political, economic, and market environment, and can be identified by  a method such as a PEST analysis. Temporal CSFs are success factors that are only important at particular times – such as in crisis situations as described earlier – and are most likely to change. And finally, Managerial CSFs are success factors relevant to the management of the fir m at different levels; identifying these may seem to run counter to the â€Å"top-down† process, but in reality actually helps to focus it by revealing internal conflicts in objectives.

MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MARKETING - Essay Example Conformity may engender a force that in itself threatens to destroy the essence of competition. For competition requires the creation of differential advantage. But competing institutions have a tendency to become alike and to imitate each other, and thereby eradicate the differences that comprise the essence of competition The main opportunities are reduced prices and increased international operations, improved service quality and low barriers to trade. Thus, the main threat is negative publicity and critique of fast food industry and obesity problems caused by restaurants like MacDonald’s (Macdonald’s Home Page 2009). Modern technology is the necessary and sufficient condition for the creation of mass culture. Our society with its mass culture emphasizes higher standards of living and expanding expectations. But this massification has been assailed. Ours has been termed the homogenized, Philistine society. The mass media, television, movies, newspapers, and magazines, which are among the tools of market communication, have been proclaimed the purveyors of a mass culture that has a relatively low common denominator. The tendency to conformity is tempered by dynamism and change. Marketing analysts should be well aware of the significance of sociological factors; they have been described as socio-graphics. Predictions of them give indications of the dimensions of future markets. 2. VALS typology is an interesting and useful tool to analyze customer-based strategies and evaluate their strengths and drawbacks. Thus, this typology is not accurate and objective as it describes only eight types of buyers and market segments. Buyer behavior is more complex that it is described by VALS typology. Economists and marketing people seem to have differing perspectives on the value of life-style concepts and findings. In most economic studies (although these are exceptions), the life style of a

Communication 207- Literature Review Assignment , Relational dialects Essay

Communication 207- Literature Review Assignment , Relational dialects - Essay Example This paper endeavors to understand the meaning and use of relational dialectics theory by examining various print and online literatures. People use various communication approaches to deal with opposing and contradictory forces inherent in interpersonal relationships (Prentice, 2009). According to Prentice (2009), relational dialectics provide insights into the process that people go through as they socialize with new comers. Various dialectical tensions have been identified. According to Baxter (2004), these tensions occur along specific internal dimensions of a relationship, such as autonomy-closeness, openness-closedness, and predictability-novelty. External and internal dialectics may occur in a myriad of different combinations (Baxter, 2004). Thus, various researchers have re-conceptualized relational dialectics as knot of contradictions; overlapping centripetal and centrifugal forces that are interrelated rather than existing as simple binary oppositions (Baxter, 2004). This paper is based on the communication paradigm of interruptive social science theory. According to Suter and West (2011), relational theories’ abstract and intimidating nature compromises students’ ability to comprehend the importance of their immediate relationships. Relational theories, including rational dialectics, provides students with perspectives to examine and constructively make use of lived experiences such as those with their roommates, lovers, friends and family members. Suter and West (2011) sought to evaluate the disconnect between theory and experience. Most importantly, the researchers aimed at valuating students’ uneasiness in retention and use of relational theories. The researchers argue connection-retention and application determine the success of students, and are influenced by active teaching techniques and classroom settings that encourage student motivation

Having an Inter professional team

Having an Inter professional team This essay is meant to throw light on the importance of having an inter- professional team that would make the service delivery to patients easier. In this essay I will discuss the roles played by nurses and other professionals in the team. The essay will reflect the efficiency of such a team and their work distribution and involvement. I will highlight the ways in which a team of professionals will work together to take proper decisions during emergency situations and tackle them effectively. The essay will also critically evaluate the various concepts of inter professional team work. An inter-professional team is a group of people who have a certain common goals or objectives which drives them to work together by setting aside individual goals. Inter professional team can be defined as a dynamic process involving two or more health care professionals with complementary backgrounds and skills, sharing common health goals and exercising concerted physical and mental effort in assessing, planning, or evaluating patient care, accomplished through interdependent collaboration, open communication and shared decision-making, and generates value-added patient, organizational and staff outcomes (Xyrichis and Ream 2007). Freeth et al (2005) defined inter professional team work as when two or more professional learn with, from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of care. ThinkingThere are some ways to see interprofessional working. One way is to view it as one which involves thinking, feeling and taking action based upon that (Hammick et.al 2009).Thus the three important aspects of interprofessional working is illustrated below: Being Inter-professional ssssss Feeling Doing/Acting Practising The healthcare sector started showing interest in the interprofessional working during the early 1990. (Institute of Medicine, 1998;ONeil and Pew Health Professions Commission 1998) An interprofessional team is working to provide service in a properly planned and systematic manner. In the health care sector inter professional teams are meant to develop groups that works towards efficiently rendering care to the patients. These teams include nurses, doctors, and other health care professionals. For a team to be efficient role clarity to inevitable and this will help them define their own duties and responsibilities avoiding conflicts (West and Markiowicz, 2004). A team essentially will have a team leader who will lead the team and motivate them to render good service working together (Martin and Rogers 2004). A health care team will work effectively if there is stability in the team, this will make the team member in the group work with shared trust and understanding (Gair and Hartery, (2001)). Interprofessional teams are of various types, they include multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary etc. In case of multidisciplinary teams the members are from various teams. These members set their own discipline specific goals and work towards achieving it. But ultimately the result is calculated as the total of all the disciplines (Dean and Geiringer 1990). The position of team members in the team hierarchy will affect the way in which the team functions and how it will render the service (Cotts, 1998). In case of a multidisciplinary team there exist subgroups of doctors, social workers, therapists and also subgroups which had nurses and other junior staff. Her study also unveiled the idea that the different subgroups had different perceptions about the inter professional teams. According to McWilliam et al (2003), interprofessional working is a very difficult task for health care professionals. The patients didnt get the full benefit of interprofessional working due to the misunderstanding between the health care professionals regarding the policies and procedures in it. Critics like Bion (1961) say that the interprofessional teams fail to focus on the real task they should be doing. The primary tasks for which they have come together is forgotten most of the by the interprofessional teams. Whenever there is an issue the teams to fail to reach at a consensus and they do not take proper decisions on the issue (Strokes 1994). The meetings conducted in order to take decision on the matter are just a waste of time. These assumptions are based on the work group mentality theory. Critics of interprofessional team have questioned the values of the team. It is said that the teams are not well managed and they do not work properly and responsibily. Negotiation theory puts forward the perspective of negotiating the personal and professional goals. (Strauss, 1978) The negotiations by professionals in the health care field have played a critical role in molding the characteristics of an interprofessional team. Loss and change theory reiterates that the health care professionals like doctors and nurses lose their professional identity as they are working in a team, this will lead to developing an improper relationship and improper behavior in the team (Atkins, 1998). Thus it critically points to the inter professional teams in that it wouldnt serve the purpose of forming a team and the unhappiness of the team members can lead to inefficient functioning. The increase of cost in hospitals will also result if there is lack of proper communication between the professionals like doctors, nurses and staff and also if they are not coordinated well. The roles played by nurses in the interprofessional teams are fast evolving. The importance of specialist skills for nurses is now recognized and new role have come up. Nurse Practitioner is an example of such a new role and they possess skill and knowledge in conducting therapy, and prescribing medications for patients who have psychiatric disorders or substance abuse problems. They are licensed to provide emergency psychiatric services, psychosocial and physical assessment of their patients, treatment plans, and manage patient care. While working in an interprofessional team, there is an increased chance of conflict between the team members regarding the superiority in the team. The truth is everyone is equal while working in a team and nobody should themselves subordinate to anyone. But sometimes the nurses and their opinions are ignored in an interprofessional team. Such events makes them reluctant to be a part of such teams (Martin Rogers, 2004). Task shifting is a common practice among the professionals now days (Reeves et.al, 2010). This would help the traditional professionals to relieve of their heavy workload. The nursing practitioners and physician assistants are such roles (Hooker McCaig, 2001). The multiplicative effects model of interprofessional working views it more than the sum of its parts. Here the synergy obtained from such work is described (Leathard, 1994). According to this model, interprofessional working improves the contributions of individual team members and thus will help in the overall development of team. Decision making is an essential in ingradient of all teams; it measures the efficiency of the group. Decision making in case of an interprofessional team also play key role deciding its service delivery process. The usual situation that happens in such teams is the unavailability of proper team leader and also reaching at a common consensus. The decision taken in team has the idea input all the members that needs to driven well in one direction for increasing effectiveness of the work the team does. Most of the important decisions concerning the activities of the team are taken mostly by the Doctors, or the medical staff in an inter professional team in hospitals. Solving important problems and resolving conflicts are the aims of masking decisions (Neil, 1978). There are a few hindrances for nurses to be part of interprofessional teams. The health care sector has shortages or less number of nurses, and those nurses who are available have increased amount of work. As a result of which there is a limitation in case of inter professional support and collaboration (Mckay Crippen, 2008). Another barrier that can be highlighted is the disinterest on the part of other departments to participate and actively involve in the team and work together. The culture and hierarchy of the organization also plays a role in the formation of teams in the organization. According to Henneman.et.al (1995) Collaboration involves a partnership characterized by mutual goals and commitments in which participants willingly become involved in planning and decision making. Henneman.et.al (1995) also proposed that collaboration is a process by which members of various disciplines (or agencies) share their expertise. Accomplishing this requires these individuals understand and appreciate what it is that they contribute to the whole. Many authors have suggested ways to make the intercollaboration more effective. According to Fullan (1993), effective collaborations operate in the world of ideas, examining existing practices critically, seeking better alternatives and working hard together at bringing about improvements and assessing their worth. According to Garner (1995) and Hoeman (1996), it should be by means of collaborative communication rather than shared communication that the interprofessional team approach evolves. Efforts were made from the part of many authors for increasing the literature on interprofessional education for health professional students. But Cooper, Carlisle, Gibbs, and Watkins (2001) pointed out this literature to be diverse including a relatively small amount of research data and much larger amounts of evaluation literature. There were almost thirty works done on interprofessional education and all of them aimed to increase the level of co-operation and understanding between the members in interprofessional teams as well as to encourage a high quality care for the patients. In olden times, the physical space for planning, decision making or joint activities in collaboration were all the same. It is because there were no medium for communicating from long distances. This kind of format was explained by Laungani in 1999 and Molyneux in 2001. The boom in information technology resulted in new approaches in this field. The use of email, video-conferencing, internet etc. have given a new look to interprofessional collaboration. Technology has resulted in an enhanced learning process as well increased the effectiveness of intercollaboration (Leathard 2003). The recent trends in inter-professionalism have acknowledged the need for marshalling the teams so that the members can work together sharing their thoughts in decision making, a mutual exchange of knowledge through teaching and learning, communication incorporated among the professionals and a finely tuned focus on involving the family of the patients into the process. Also there is an increasing identification of the necessity for interprofesional education for potential health care professionals. Another advancement that has happened in the interprofessional working groups is application of Lewins theory. This theory emphasize on the areas related to an individuals behavior and states that any change in rules would have an effect over the individual behavior (Ephross Vassil, 2005). This way the common issue of stereotyping that occurs in interprofessional working can be lessened. The development theory that was popular until now considered individual behavior as consistent. Both these theories are essential. I will be working for the betterment of the service provided to a patient using the things I learned. Working in an interprofessional team has made me get involved with the Doctors and other professional in the field and has helped to build a strategy that elevates the level of service rendering process. As a nurse am able to act in the right way a right direction in case of any emergency and otherwise. From now I will be able to put into practise the concept I learned. I am using the Gibbs Reflective Cycle for the case analysis. Reflective learning can be defined as an intentional process, where social context and experience are acknowledged, in which clients are active individuals, wholly present, engaging with others, and open to challenge, and the outcome involves transformation as well as improvement for both individuals and their organization (Brockbank, McGill and Beech, 2002:6). In the Gibbs Reflective Cycle, there are six components that help to gain knowledge from previous experiences. Gibbs (1988) have proposed about reflective learning that To reflect is not enough, you then have to put into practice the learning and new understanding you have gained therefore allowing the reflective process to inform your practice. The six components of Gibbs Reflective Cycle are: Description of the event- In this stage, one has to write down an abridged version of event that needs to be reflected upon. Hence it is important to get the maximum details about the event and in as objective way as u can in this stage. The answers to the following questions would help you here: Where were you? Who else was there? Why were you there? What were you doing there? What were other people doing? What had actually happened? What was the end result? The above questions would help in acquiring the relevant details about the event and summarize them. Feelings- Here you try to recall and explore the issues related to the event. These issues may be either ones that caused happiness or those which created dissatisfaction or grief in the mind of individual. Hence this is mainly concerned with the feelings of the person. Some relevant questions for this stage are: What was your feeling when the event started? What were your thoughts at that time? What do you feel about other peoples reactions? How did you feel about the result of the event? Enlist your emotions during this event. Hence all these questions are related to the feelings of the individual. Evaluation- In this stage, the event is evaluated based upon a pre-determined standard. After the evaluation, the event is given some value. Hence the following questions would be useful at this stage: What was it that made the experience a good one? What was bad about the experience? Analysis- In this stage, the event is broken down into small parts thus making it easier for exploration and judgment. The questions that may be useful here are: What made the event a success? What was it that you did well? What was it that other members did well? What went wrong? What you did that was wrong? What was the contribution of other members into this failure? Conclusion- This is the stage where you make the final judgment. After the evaluation and analysis, the individual would be quite aware about his own as well as other members contribution to the outcome of event. Thus the individual gains the ability to reflect upon his work from the past experiences. And this is what is called reflective learning. Hence the individual will become aware of his strengths and weak points and also learn about the abilities of other people. Action Plan- In this stage, the individual will think about his actions in the recurrence of similar event. He will decide about what he will be doing in such a case- Will his actions change? Will it be similar to before? Conclusion Finally the study focused through the Gibbs Reflective Cycle and it stated that in any sector especially the health care there is an elementary requirement of having an inter professional team. The study discussed about the importance of the reflection in the nursing practices as well as it application in daily routine. The team all ways will help in providing superior service since the decisions are taken as a team and under common grounds. Moreover, the inter-professional practices could vary more positive attitudes towards the team as well as within the social and health care.