Sea change and kathryn dell barton

Composers use distinctly visual images to visualize and allow us to understand the impact of human experiences. Deborah Cox used visual Imagery in the television series ‘Sea Change' to create an effective message about human experiences; this Is also amplified In ‘Cell block tannic composed by Rob Marshall and Kathy del Baron's artwork You are what Is most beautiful about me'. Paragraph 1 In the sea change episode not such great expectations' Debt Cox skillfully uses visual images as a powerful medium to convey truths about human expectations.She invitingly reveals that individual's life experiences may be in conflict with those of others, due to different values. This is evident in the father and son relationship that Bob and Craig Jelly have. Bob is initially presented as a pushy, arrogant and selfish real estate agent who wished that his son will follow in his footsteps and have the same career as himself. This is evident in the effective use off medium tracking shot i n the scene where Bob and Craig Jelly are dressed in identical vibrant red real estate blazers as they walk across the headland gazing down upon the natural beauty ofPearl Bay. However, bob Jelly is challenged to reassess his values when the Imagery suggests that he expects his son to follow In his footsteps and become a real estate agent. Bob wants to transform Craig Into a clone of himself. This Is demonstrated through Cox's skilful use of a medium shot in the scene where Bob is standing behind Craig (whose facial expressions suggests he is listening intently to Bob's words of wisdom) while Bob gazes off into the distance absorbed by his own apparent wisdom.Cox highlights the growth in Craig Jelly by demonstrating that he as learned that following in his father's footsteps would be the best opportunity for him. Link to question In this episode Debt Cox allows us to visualize and understand the impact of human experiences. Bob Jelly Is trying to put his son on the right track and g et him the best job In the family real estate. Relating to this our parents want us also to get the best Job opportunity. Link to next paragraph The theme of relationships between children and their parents Is also experienced In the artwork you are what is most beautiful about me† painted by mother of 2Kathy Dell Barton. Paragraph 2 The artwork illustrates a painted self portrait of Kathy Dell Barton with her 2 children painted in the foreground. The painting includes larger colorful flowers and vines entwined between the 3. This gives the viewer an insight that through life the impact of becoming a mother can have a dizzying effect on human experiences. This is seen through the use of plants, flowers and colored lines running throughout the painting. Barton uses symbolism through the green colored lines, plants and flowers.This suggests new life and that motherhood Is an act of nature, it is natural. In this painting Kathy Dell Barton demonstrates that everybody comes togeth er as one In a family but each member Is still In Individual. The representation of the large eyes explores that the three are very alike, but with different eye colors the three are individuals but are all cohesive. Link to question in a human experience. With Kathy in the background of the image it suggests she is putting her children first, putting there needs ahead. Just like our parents would for us.

Amber Inn & Suites Case Study

Work Environment Amber Inn & Suites, Inc., formed in 1979, operates 200 Amber Inn properties and 50 Amber Inn & Suites properties located in 10 states throughout the Rocky Mountain and western states. On Average, each location has approximately 120 individual guest and suite-style rooms. Under a new president and CEO, the goal is for Amber Inn & Suites to reach profitability within two years after five consecutive years of unprofitability. This company is positioned as a limited-service hotel which does not have the amenities such as a restaurant, lounge, or meeting rooms. This type of hotel is classified under a midscale hotel with food and beverage, such as Holiday Inn and Ramada Inn. CompetitionDirect competition to Amber includes other mid-scale hotels in the western and Rocky Mountain states, specifically hotels that are in the same class as Amber which do not possess the extravagant amenities of an on-site restaurant or meeting rooms. For Amber to make its hotel stand out among st the others is a very difficult task with so many other companies present in this industry. The next level of competition would fall to recreation vehicle parks and camping sites. For the price-conscious individual, this may pose as an easier solution, but does not give someone the comfort of a traditional bed and amenities like television. Also, with a presence in the rocky mountain and western area, weather plays a contributing factor into this scenario.The indirect competition to Amber Inn & Suites is potential company cutbacks and layoffs. This not only affects their business traveler base, but also could affect if individuals have the luxury to travel and stay in a hotel opposed to a relative or friends residence.StrengthsLocation is a key factor to the success of Amber, because the company avoids the downtown areas and has chosen to only be located on sites close to major highways close to suburban areas, airports, and large regional shopping centers. This shows that all of its locations are at a convenient location  with easy access to and from their sites. Even though profitability has not been able to be reached, the company has still been able to produce three consecutive years of growing revenues. The average occupancy rate is higher than the industry average for the respective class the hotel is in, and Amber has a significant standing amongst business travelers. WeaknessesThe glaring fact of being unprofitable for five consecutive years is definitely the major weakness of this organization. Lodging revenues are rising, but the expenses correlated with these revenues are increasing at a much faster rate. Other weaknesses are the lack of amenities that Amber Inn & Suites offers travelers, which creates a lack thereof to differentiate from other hotels with the same presence. Another item that could be a weakness is a lack of differentiation between the Amber Inn and AmberInn & Suites. OpportunitiesBy having noticeable differences between the two , this could allow for different price structures and allow Amber Inn to enter a new target market giving the organization the ability to expand its chain. Also, with a dominant business traveler occupancy rate, Amber Inn & Suites could start forming frequent visitor relationships with organizations, so those companies refer their business travelers to stay in these sites.ThreatsWith having so many consecutive years of unprofitability, the thought of bankruptcy or closing of the organization is always a present factor. A company can only go so long of losing money year after year before it is required to throw in the towel. Government regulations on requirements of hotels could also be an imposing factor, because certain regulations could raise general expenses that are required to keep the hotel up to code and to the industry standards.ProblemWith the new CEO wanting to produce profitability within two years, the current problem is how to re-position the organization’s strat egy and define which customer base to focus on. By starting with which type of customer to target, the organization can be more focused on its tactics.Alternatives1. Do nothing. There is not much of a pro to this solution, because by doing no sort of action will either result in the business failing and closing down, or that could cost the marketing senior vice president her position.2. Reward Program for businesses. By instituting a reward program with businesses, it will allow business travelers to stay at the hotel for a discounted price for Sunday through Thursday lodging through his or her place of employment. Instead of attempting to find the best rate. The company knows that when an employee goes to this city, he or she will stay at the Amber Inn and the company books it for the employee. This will increase the business traveler base, which is already predominant. However, this will decrease the overall revenues for the organization.3. Increase weekend prices. By increasing l odging prices on the weekends, it will not harm the business traveler base, and increase profits for the personal and vacation/pleasure areas. This could adversely affect the number of guests staying at the hotel on the weekends and drive the weekend revenue stream down.4. Increase average daily room rate to be more toward industry average. Since the survey says that only 36.6% stayed at the hotel based on price and the fact that majority of business travelers had the rooms paid for by the business, this will increase overall profits. The negative to this option would be the potential loss of that customer base.5. Increase business traveler advertising. By capitalizing on the best strength of customer base, the hotel has the ability to make its focus be solely on the business traveler, which is where the most occupancy is coming from. If the company decides to shift its focus toward the business traveler it will have to cut advertising cost elsewhere, but could in-turn create a bett er strategy for the organization. This will decrease costs because of a more finite focus but also keep the greatest customer base that the hotel already possesses.6. Decrease employee base. By doing this the company will save in SG&A expenses, which will allow the budget to be decreased creating a better profit. However, decreasing the employee base per site, could result in a negative effect on the hotel because it could reduce response time to cleaning rooms and getting each one available for the next guests. Decision PackageIf the company can effectively increase the advertising for the business  traveler and increase the hotel’s overall average daily room rate, it will be able to capitalize on the area of customers that visit the hotel the most and also increase the revenue per room. By shifting the focus to the business traveler, the company can save advertising costs elsewhere because this will limit the areas that are needed to be advertised to. If the overall adver tising budget is decreased and the business traveler rate can increase, then the company is able to capitalize on the most profitable target market available.Plan of ActionDevelop a new budget for advertising with a special emphasis on the business traveler. Attempting which channels are spent on the everyday consumer will help decrease those costs and effectively increase sales. The price increase can happen in gradual stages on a quarterly basis. Given the time from of two years, the organization should structure itself at 75% of the industry average on room rate, which would give Amber Inn a $20 increase per room average. This would allow for a $2.50 increase per quarter.Overall room occupancy rate may decrease without the personal and leisure guest presence, but the increase in profit and business segment will help adjust those figures. If the occupancy rate decreases slightly, but the revenue is increasing, this will decrease the variable costs associated with maintaining those extra rooms which will allow for less expenses.

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

No topic - Essay Example Although in reality this short piece of writing encompasses and deals with some major aspects of the life of human beings such success, failures and fears. The writer begins the story with a tone of zeal for life when she talks about the long winter days where people plan their routines on hourly basis. â€Å"It never got very dark. Your life parted and opened in sunlight† (Dillard, p. 94). It implies that the writer’s life as well as the lives of her fellow human beings was a busy one where everyone was a participant in the marathon of success. However some were highly successful like Rahm who had the power to entrance and enchant people with his agility and experience while others were on a lesser level like other pilots who knew the same acrobatics but could not perform all of them at once. Since the very beginning of the story Dillard provides the readers with the comparison between the lives of successful and the lesser successful people in life which also inspires an individual to work harder and better to prosper. As it is also apparent from the antics of the blue swallow as well, â€Å"the swallow climbed high ov er the runway, held its wings oddly, tipped them†¦ the inspired swallow† (Dillard, p. 97). Dillard also explores the psychological impact of fear that leads to failure and the insecurities an individual might harbor regardless of his success and prosperity in life. â€Å"Sitting invisible at the controls of a distant plane, he became an agent and the instrument of art†¦ robed in the plane he was featureless as a priest† (Dillard, p. 110). These lines highlight that success does not make an individual perfect or invincible every person has his fair share of fears, insecurities and troubles however the intelligent ones just cover their weaknesses better than the lesser intelligent ones. Furthermore regardless of the dexterity and expertise that one might have it does not guarantee that they are

Public Relations College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Relations College - Essay Example This term was initiated by Thomas Jefferson. This was in the year 1807. It was first defined by Edward Bernays. He defined it as a management function with policies and programs that help an organisation to earn acceptance from the public. Research shows that throughout history public relations were used. One of the people that used it includes Georgiana Cavendish. 1 This was during the 18th century. She used so many approaches like lobbying the business. This she did with the help of her friends. She also incorporated press relations in her public relations venture. There are also many other people through out history that used public relations. For instance the American precursors carried out the promotion of circuses. In fact research shows that public relations were started in the United States. This was done such that the railroads were supported. Research shows that Railway literature book was the first to be reported to have the term public relations. This was in the year 1897. The public relations today have gone through many changes since the initiation. New techniques have been incorporated unlike what used to happen before. For instance there is the use of focus groups. This was never carried out initially but rather much generalization was done. When the public relations are carried out a specific group of people is targeted. For instance the loyal customers in the organisation can be a target group. 2 There is also the use of new technology in making sure that information reaches the clients. For instance since the nineteenth century, the internet has really been used in remitting information to clients. There is also the use of satellite feeds in the public relations. Today people need vast knowledge like economics and management principles to carry out public relations. For efficiency and effectiveness basic communication skills knowledge has to be studied by the concerned managers. Even video productions are widely used by various organizations. Nowadays many organisations have got a public relations department that deal with all the issues concerning the public in general. When the above evolution of public relations is evaluated one realizes that there used to be limitation in the communication because the technology was not advanced at that time. The public relations were carried out quite generally and therefore the desired effects were not well achieved. For instance the entire process was quite generalized that it did not deal with a specific focus group. This really limited the effectiveness. The communication could take time before being communicated. This is unlike what is happening in the organisations today because technology has really enhanced communication. Relationship marketing Relationship marketing is all about having tactics that are event driven. It is about retaining the customers in the business organization. It is a process and not an issue of a single event. Relationship marketing is usually carried out by having tactics that will help in retaining the loyal customers in the hospitality industry. The customers include local and the international tourists. The marketing messages in this case have to be moulded in line with the customer's life cycle. Through this there is usually high profitability since the customers are satisfied. For instance in the hospitalit

Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coming of Age in Mississippi - Essay Example Through Anne’s development of virtues and faults, one gets to visualise a real picture of discrimination based on colour and gender. A reader has to fight with what the author believes in throughout the book, and gets drawn into her deeds that one can cheer when the actions are justified or shy away when someone is treated unfairly. Using her memories, the author invites the reader to imagine a young girl growing up in Mississippi. During her entire life, Moody dealt with hardships that most people could not imagine, but due to her experiences, Anne gains the heroin qualities. How Moody deals with the questions of gender in her life and in her book As Moody grows up, she notes that there are different roles and misconceptions associated with each gender and race. She realizes the way women are treated and she struggles to make sure that they do not hinder her from achieving the best she could be. In the book, she depicts her everyday life in detail as a teenage lady being brou ght up in the pre-civil rights times in the South. Her maturity and experience become tools that she utilizes to cope up with gender inequality within her society and the family to develop into a woman she desired. Through most of her youthful experiences, Moody manages the question of gender by learning its social importance on her own since her mother avoids dealing with the issue as she feels that nothing regarding the societal believes about women can be changed. The insufficiency of information on society that Moody received from her mother made her to explore even further on life issues on her own and critique the standard of that era, rather than incorporating herself into a society that seemed so unfair and disgracing. Anne Moody proudly and confidently uses her observations of the various social aspects to determine her individual identity as a tough black woman who is ready and willing to stand up for what she considers right with hopes of future success and progress for A frican Americans (Moody 280). How white supremacy affect gender related experiences among and between the black and white communities According to Moody, white supremacy restrains black women to take up certain roles in the working environments and acts as a hindrance to equal rights in terms of wages. Quality education is also given to white women at the expense of the blacks. For instance, the author argues that the only option that was availed to her uneducated mother was working as a house help for a worthless pay. This forced Anne to take the burden of working to support her family while still at school (Moody 300). It is further depicted that white women were given more respect and their rights protected more than the blacks of both genders. Meddling with the life of a white woman meant that the black person associated with the action would face serious consequences. For example, Moody says that a 14-year old black man from Chicago was murdered merely for allegedly whistling a t a young white woman. This made Moody to conclude that white supremacy was too stern that any black person could be killed simply for his or her colour. At some point in time, Moody tries to depict that whites were always superior and that their wrong deeds were not treated with serious consequences as did for male blacks. This is illustrated in the book when Moody gives a picture of her life in high school when a white police administrator was caught having a love affair with a black teenage girl. It is quite obvious in this context that the act brought them

Financial Management & control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial Management & control - Essay Example The company has not been able to earn more from the money of its shareholders. In 2011, it has earned approximately 30% lesser than 2010 from the money invested by its shareholders which resulted in a decline in return on equity. The debtors’ collection rose by 47 days over the previous year which means that in 2011, the company now required 130 days to get the money from its debtors which it did in 83 days in 2010. This not only blocks the money for the company but also makes the company lose on the interest of the money blocked with the debtors. The chance of the debtors going bad also increases if the payment cycle expands which has been proved by bad debts going up by more than 200%. The operating profit of the company has halved from 17% in 2010 to 8.5% in 2011, which implies that even when the company has sold more than the previous year, it has not been able to make profits out of the sales. This can be due to many reasons. The company might have sold at lesser price or the company might have incurred greater selling expenses. ... The current ratio of the company increased from 1.5 in 2010 to 1.8 in 2011. The increase in the current ratio is a result of the increase in current assets which includes an increase in the debtors’ collection period due to which the debtors are rising, an overdraft bank balance and more than doubling of bad debts inflating the current ratio. The acid test ratio increased from 1.2 in 2010 to 1.5 in 2011. This indicates that the company now has lesser short-term assets to sell in order to cover up its immediate liabilities without selling off its inventories. The company’s ability to pay off its interest expenses has also declined and it is indicated by the fall in the interest cover ratio from 9.6 times in 2010 to 4.34 times in 2011. This is due to the shortage of funds which has been blocked by the debtors, increasing bad debts, bank overdraft balance etc. The gearing ratio describes the level of the company’s capital being funded by the owners’ money ver sus the money of creditors. Here, it has declined by 3% as the creditors collection period has also slightly decreased. This means that the company is paying off its creditors earlier than it used to do in the previous year. This results in lesser availability to creditors’ funds and more reliability of the business on the owners’ equity. The earnings per share of the company declined from 0.63 in 2010 to 0.29 in 2011. A decline in EPS is the result of a decline in the profitability of the company. EPS measures the allocation of company’s profit to each of its outstanding shares. Since profit has declined, the allocation to each share also declined and hence the EPS. The operating cash flow per share of the company increased from 1.2 in 2010 to 1.5 in 2011

2nd Degree Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

2nd Degree Murder - Essay Example Some individuals are overly sensitive to some conditions that would be generally harmless to other people. In such a situation, it is easy to deliver justice since accidental cases would be remedied accordingly under the other homicide classifications. In New Jersey, the 62nd State’s General Assembly of 1837 deliberated and passed among other important resolutions that the State would need to be governed, the punishment of death. In the homicide intricacies that the General Assembly had to deal with, as observed above was to distinguish the various classes or degrees of homicide. Three general classifications were found to be definitive of the challenge earlier highlighted of the actual case parameters such as the intent of causing death and general threat to the entire population. Legislation effected later had a considerable reliance on the resolution passed in the General Assembly sitting of 1838. Alternatively, comparisons were made to consolidate the postulates of the American law with the prevalent common law practices. Contained in this discussion is the legislation in New Jersey and the common law position of homicide category of second degree of murder. In light of the elements of the two sets of law and usages, th e changes that have occurred in the circles of legal practice regarding homicide cases of the specified nature are also discussed. According to Lanning and Vroom (2005), general statutes of the State of New Jersey provide that there shall be two degrees of murder distinguished by the intention of the perpetrator at the time of occurrence of the death. The authors provide the Supplement 271 among other General Statutes of the State of New Jersey which provides for the first degree of murder to constitute such death caused by actions of an individual who commits the crime willfully, deliberately and in a premeditated account. The Supplement 271 continues to state that the other forms of murder fall under the second degree of

Fact-Finding Techniques for Requirements Discovery of Business Systems Essay

Fact-Finding Techniques for Requirements Discovery of Business Systems Analysis and Design - Essay Example Denscombe (2007) observes that for success to be registered in any project there is a need for an accurate data collection through specific methods that are to be used. The methods used in finding this information are referred to as fact finding techniques. There are various fact finding techniques including use of interviews, observation, and use of questionnaires among other techniques. Using interviews The interview is one of the fact finding techniques whereby the analysis is done through the collection of information from different persons in an interactive way. In an interview, the research always needs to find the desired facts through talking with the respondents. The facts found are supposed to be verified and clarified. In conduction interviews, enthusiasm should always be generated and the end user is always involved in the process. The identification of the requirements has been often very important before the conduction of interviews. Interviews do involve soliciting of ideas and opinions from the respondents. In interviews as a fact finding technique, there can be the use of unstructured interview. The interviewee id depended on in the provision of a framework and the direction of the discussion. It is generally not done for a specific goal. Structured interviews are done with an aim of getting answers to specific questions that are put down by the interviewer. In interviewing, open and closed ended queries are often used. The open ended questions do allow the interviewee to offer answers as he or she deems while the closed ended questions do have restrictions. Reasons for selecting interviews By using interviews to find the facts, the analyst is always presented with an opportunity of motivating the interviewee to be able to respond to the questions openly and freely. This is because the interviewer and the analyst are always in touch on a one on one basis. The analyst can probe the interviewee for more answers that are thought to be relevant and useful. Due to the physical contact between the analyst and the interviewee, there can always be a re-wording of the questions suppose the interviewee does not understand or get the required concepts. This is an advantage that all the other fact finding techniques does lack. Throughout the interview process, the analyst is in a position to analyze the interviewee’s non verbal communication and body language. This is a vital aspect in the whole analysis of the facts obtained from the interview. (Shelly, Cashman & Rosenblatt, 2009). Implementation of the method In order to carry out a successful interview and obtain the needed data, it is important to have a systematic and a well organized interview. This involves a lot of processes. For instance, selection of interviewees is an important aspect. Those going to be interviewed need to be selected carefully to ensure that the one chosen will offer the desired responses and data. It is important to have end users that are reliabl e. The analyst should have prior knowledge about the interviewees to avoid a lot of conflicts and inconveniences during the actual interviewing process. Preparation for the interview is a major aspect. This can be done through an interview guide. During the actual interview process, the problem that has mooted the interview process should be summarized. The interviewee is also offered some incentive for participating in the interview process. This is to encourage honest response. The analyst’

The Heabas Corpus and Its Evolution Essay Example for Free

The Heabas Corpus and Its Evolution Essay An ancient law writ which detains aliens of war in a detention facility by the Supreme Court’s expanded jurisdiction leaves those without knowledge of the Habeas Corpus Act means to understand what the act entitles, its originality, and the evolution. The word habeas corpus in the Latin language means â€Å"you have the body†, which represents an important right granted to individuals in America (Kelly, M.). This is a judicial mandate requiring that a prisoner be brought before the court to determine whether the government has the right to continue detaining them in a detention facility (Kelly, M. ). The person or persons’ being held can petition the court for a writ of habeas corpus if he or she objects to the imprisonment. The petition must explain to the court the imprisonment order is an order of wrongful imprisonment. The right of habeas corpus is the constitutionally bestowed right of a person to present evidence before a court that he or she has been wrongfully accused (Kelly, M.). â€Å"The right of writs of habeas corpus are granted in Article I, Section 9, clause 2 of the Constitution, which states, The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.†(The United States Constitution, 2004) The establishment of the habeas corpus is not certainly clear, but it seems to date back to Magna Carta in 1215 (Robertson, J.D.). According to Robertson, its principle effect was achieved in the Middle Ages by various wits, of which gave similar effect as the modern writ (Robertson, J.D.). The habeas corpus was originally established as a prerogative writ of the King and his courts, now as time passes, the habeas corpus has evolved into a writ petitioned by a person imprisoned acting in his or her own interest (Robertson, J.D.). After reading the article by Robertson it was made clear, during Magna Carta time, habeas corpus was referenced to â€Å"the law of the land†(Robertson, J.D.). With the exact quote: â€Å"No free man shall be taken or imprisoned of disseized or exiled or in any way destroyed except by the lawful judgment of their peers or by the law of the land† (Robertson, J.D.). Shortly after the start of the American War President Abraham Lincoln ordered the suspension of the constitutionally protected right to writs of habeas corpus in 1861(Langley, R.). The reason being was the arrest of John Merryman by the Union troops, but the Chief of Justice of the Supreme Court Roger B. Taney decline Lincoln’s order and issued a writ of habeas corpus with orders for the U.S. Military to bring Merryman before the Supreme Court (Langley, R.). The Chief Justice Taney declared Lincoln’s suspension of the habeas corpus unconstitutional, after Lincoln and the military refuse to abide by the order of the Chief Justice (Langley, R.). On September 24, 1862, President Lincoln issued a proclamation suspending the right to writs of habeas corpus nationwide (Langley, R.). Which states; â€Å"Whereas, it has become necessary to call into service not only volunteers but also portions of the militia of the States by draft in order to suppress the insurrection existing in the United States, and disloyal persons are not adequately restrained by the ordinary processes of law from hindering this measure and from giving aid and comfort in various ways to the insurrection;† â€Å"Now, therefore, be it ordered, first, that during the existing insurrection and as a necessary measure for suppressing the same, all Rebels and Insurgents, their aiders and abettors within the United States, and all persons discouraging volunteer enlistments, resisting militia drafts, or guilty of any disloyal practice, affording aid and comfort to Rebels against the authority of United States, shall be subject to martial law and liable to trial and punishment by Courts Martial or Military Commission:† â€Å"Second. That the Writ of Habeas Corpus is suspended in respect to all persons arrested, or who are now, or hereafter during the rebellion shall be, imprisoned in any fort, camp, arsenal, military prison, or other place of confinement by any military authority of by the sentence of any Court Martial or Military Commission.†(Langley, R.) As time moves forward to the year of 2006, President Bush signed a law suspending the right of habeas corpus to persons deemed by the United States to be â€Å"enemy combatant† in the Global War on Terror (Langley, R.). This action caused a lot of confusion and criticism because the law did not specify who in the United States would be considered an â€Å"enemy combatant† (Langley, R.). With this action by the Bush administration, the terrorists and other combatants are not covered by the Geneva Conventions due the fact these people are not soldiers and not covered by the U.S. Bill of Rights because they are not considered citizens (Langley, R.). In 2008, after the Boumediene v. Bush, a case which was held in the Supreme Court in regards to five young men were placed in a detention facility in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in 2002, the Supreme Court ruled that any enemy combatants held in the U.S. territory are entitled to the writ of Habeas Corpus as stated in the United States Constitution, Article 1, Section 9 (Newman, Gerald L.). The evolution of the Habeas Corpus Act was and is intention of ones’ civil rights and liberties. In violation of this act of detaining a person for unjustifiable cause is stripping this person of their liberties, but as time go by there will be more debates to justify this act. As for now, the Habeas Corpus Act is in effect and is very well understood. It can be well said, any one person detained, can well be heard in the case of an unlawful act by the detainee. References Kelly, Martin Definition of Habeas Corpus Retrieved from; americanhistory.about.com The United States Constitution (2004, September) Retrieved from; www.house.gov/house/constitution/Constitution.html Habeas Corpus the Most Extraordinary Writ Retrieved from; www.habeascorpus.net/hcwrit.html Langley, Robert Lincoln Issues Proclamation Suspending the Habeas Corpus Rights Retrieved from; www.usgovinfo.about.com/od/historic/documents/a/Lincolnhabeas.html Newman, Gerald L. The Habeas Corpus Suspension Clause After Boumediene V. Bush Retrieved from; http: //web.ebscohost.com

The Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana Essay Example for Free

The Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana Essay In 2010 an estimated 443,000 people died prematurely from smoking tobacco or exposure to secondhand smoke, and another 8. 6 million live with a serious illness caused by smoking. Despite these risks, approximately 46. 6 million U. S. adults smoke cigarettes. Alcohol use last year led to 14,406 alcoholic liver disease deaths and 23,199 other alcohol related deaths excluding accidents and homicides. Alcohol Use, 2009) Despite these alarming statistics, these substances remain legal and socially acceptable while marijuana, which has never killed anyone anywhere, is illegal, remains classified as a stage one controlled substance, which likens it to killer drugs such as LSD, and heroin, both so lethal you could die with a single use. Why is it socially acceptable to use substances, which kill thousands a year while a plant that is practically a miracle drug remains portrayed as one of the most dangerous substances, known to man? In this paper, we will look at the pros and cons of legalizing marijuana the financial impact as well as the effects it would have on industry. We will also look at social impact caused by legalizing marijuana can it be socially acceptable. Alcohol and tobacco continually kill people by the thousands and yet remain legal, why then is marijuana, a drug that has never killed a single person still illegal. The declaration of independence and the constitution of the United States of America are written on hemp paper there were even laws on the subject of marijuana before that. America’s first marijuana law was enacted at Jamestown Colony, Virginia in 1619 it ordered all farmers to grow Indian hempseed there were several other must grow laws over the next 200 years. You would be imprisoned for not growing hemp during times of shortage in Virginia between 1763 and 1767, and during that time hemp was legal tender you could even pay your taxes with hemp. The United States Census of 1850 counted 8,327 hemp plantations growing cannabis hemp for cloth, canvas and even the cordage used for baling cotton (Census of population and housing, 1850). The American people have been using marijuana since before we were the mighty nation we are today in fact Americans have been consuming all types of narcotics for many years cocaine and opium used to be available for purchase over the counter. Marijuana is a dry, shredded green and brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves derived from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa the main active biochemical in marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC for short (The National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010). People have been using marijuana for many different things throughout history it has over a thousand uses from making fabric and ropes to helping sick people regain their appetite yet in our society, it remains illegal. Marijuana is the most commonly used drug. According to the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an estimated 104 million Americans aged 12 or older have tried marijuana at least once in their lifetimes, representing 41. 5% of the U. S. population in that age group (The National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010). The number of past year marijuana users in 2009 was approximately 28. 5 million (11. 3% of the population aged 12 or older) and the number of past month marijuana users was 16. 7 million (6. 6%). 2 that is a very large percentage of the population. (The National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010) These numbers clearly show that many people use and seem to like marijuana and with all of this consumption, one would think that there would be at least one reported case of a marijuana-induced fatality but there is none. Marijuana has many uses besides its chemical properties there is even a European organization dedicated to it industrial uses. Industrial hemp has many different uses; we are capable of weaving the fibers into fabric to make clothing, also pressing it into paper, or even a plastic like material that amazingly has ten times the impact strength steel. It would also replace many of the everyday medications we use, it is great for headaches or muscles pain and most upset stomach symptoms. It has also been shown to help alleviate some troubles discomfort that can occur while taking chemotherapy and when living with HIV or AIDS. Â  So much so that pharmaceutical companies have been developing synthetic types of THC hoping to corner the market but since marijuana contains more than just THC the results have not been as operant. Many people use cannabis therapeutically when they are living with HIV or AIDS but there is not enough data to show exactly how they benefit from the cannabis. Another study done using 332 young adult females from Southern New England showed that it could be used to relieve stress and tension caused by menstrual cramps and helped reduce anxiety in some. (De Dios, et al. 2010)All that is known is that it helps them have a better quality of life and that alone should be enough for people to realize that we have been misinformed, marijuana is not all bad it is just extremely misunderstood. If marijuana helps, is worthwhile and requires further examination but given the legal barriers, and the contrasting effects associated with cannabinoids and the fact that the pharmacology of naturally occurring cannabinoids in the human brain is not understood at length. Therefore, the full range of consequences of synthetic cannabinoid or marijuana use cannot be entirely anticipated and should be explored. It is hard to believe that a plant with so much usefulness would not be farmed on a massive level it is very easy to cultivate and it grows with little to no care. There is a bad side to industrializing hemp there would be money and jobs lost by the industries that hemp would replace. The textile companies would lose a lot of their business hemp makes a much stronger fabric that is much cheaper to produce, there would not need to be too many modifications made when it comes to how we farm our textiles if the cotton companies would be willing to convert they could probably do just as well. The pharmaceutical companies stand to lose the most money, the drugs that are their best sellers like antidepressants and cancer treatment drugs. It would also replace most over the counter remedies as well headaches and most stomach problems can be treated with marijuana. When using deontology rather than looking at the consequences of an act, one looks at the reason for which an act is done, and the rule according to which one chooses to act. Deontology does not dismiss that acts have consequences rather; it insists that those consequences should not play a role in our moral evaluation of such acts (Mosser, 2010). If we use a deontologist point of view when accessing the act of a terminally ill patient using marijuana to cope with pain or perhaps gain an appetite there is no question that this is the right thing to do. How about a person using marijuana recreationally it increases your sense but slows your reflexes it is healthier than smoking tobacco or drinking alcohol as long as the person is an adult who is not performing any dangerous procedures they should be fine and this act can be looked at as acceptable. Utilitarianism sometimes called the consequentialist theory because it evaluates whether an act is right or wrong relative to the act’s consequences. (Mosser, 2010) Therefore, utilitarian would look at the overall greater good and make it legal; there are some downsides as far as evenue goes but should money always be the main goal. As cash crop it is worth lots of money it can be used for much more than just it chemical properties it makes great fabric and plastics that have ten times the impact strength of steal. It vastly improves the quality of life for many cancer survivors with marijuana multiple sclerosis suffers a beginning to lead almost normal existences without fear of pain and chemo patients can eat a full meal and gain back the strength needed to survive. Would it be right to deny these people a medicine that can save their lives simply because we see it as social unacceptable? If we look at marijuana use case by case, and judge them using relativism perspective rarely will we find a case were the marijuana use is detrimental to the person using it or the surrounding society (Yacoubian, 2007). In fact, most of the bad acts associated marijuana is in the procurement of it if people had a legal way to get their marijuana, most of the crime would subside because there would no longer be a profit. There has been a comparison study done on our marijuana laws and the marijuana laws in place in the Netherlands. The United States policy towards marijuana is best viewed in two ways: first off is supply reduction, or the reduction and control of the supply of drugs through legal prohibitions, law enforcement, interdiction, sentencing, and incarceration. Secondly is demand reduction, or the reduction of the demand for drugs through education, prevention, and treatment. Yacoubian, 2007) Dutch law states that marijuana is illegal but in 1976, the Netherlands adopted a formal policy of no enforcement for violations involving the possession or sale of up to thirty grams that was later lowered to five grams in 1995 of marijuana this policy is referred to depenalization. By the mid-1980s, another rule allowed small retail outlets to sell marijuana legally this policy is referred to as de facto legalization. The retail stores are required to comply with five codes of practice: 1) sales are limited to no more than five grams per person daily; 2) no hard drugs, such as ecstasy, cocaine, or heroin, can be sold; 3) no advertising is permitted; 4) no nuisances or public disturbances are permitted; and 5) no sales to minors. In the end the findings were very interesting it seems that the increased availability of marijuana in the Netherlands only led to a slight increase in the amount of marijuana users and our laws did very little to curb use or supply (Yacoubian, 2007). So why do we continue to prosecute our people and waste thousands of dollars trying to eradicate a plant with so many pros and so few cons. Our economy is in trouble, at the end of the 2009 fiscal year our deficit came in at a record $1. 42 trillion, more than triple the record set just a year earlier and it is only getting worse. The government spends nearly 7. 7 billion dollars a year prosecuting cases and eradicating marijuana farms even with these efforts there is an estimated black market for marijuana of nearly 100 billion dollars a year. With numbers like these, the government could tax marijuana as it does alcohol and tobacco it and make an additional 6. 2 billion a year in revenues. So again using utilitarian point of view the greatest good for the greatest number is legalize and tax it. The reasons marijuana is not legal today is probably more financial and political than for the reason of keeping the public safe from a dangerous drug. If the government was truly concerned with the overall safety of the public rather than just weather or not something made money tobacco and alcohol would have been made illegal a long time ago. If a utilitarian point of view is used to evaluate whether or not tobacco should be legal based on the information provided here it would be easy to say that tobacco should be illegal it kills not only the people who use it but innocent bystanders (Mosser, 2010). There are not too many arguments for why tobacco should be legal other than that it has always been legal, it relaxes them, and it generates lots of revenue for the government and other businesses. These are not to convincing but the money generated has given the people in charge of these companies’ lots of power and they have used that power to keep marijuana illegal. Political lobbying has been a big problem when it comes to marijuana becoming legal tobacco, pharmaceutical, and alcohol companies have a lot of money and they would lose a substantial amount of their revenue if marijuana became legal. Therefore, they hire a third party to bribe and negotiate with politicians to stop possible injunctions and even have bills introduced to reduce the amount of regulations already in place. Why would the alcohol and tobacco companies want the American citizens using a drug they could grow in their backyard that does not kill you or cause dependency? The reason marijuana is illegal and will remain illegal is greed, plain and simple, the greed of man and the never-ending pursuit of the almighty dollar. The amount of money that corporate America stands to lose if people wake up and begin using marijuana in all the ways it can be is exponential. First off, most pharmaceutical companies will lose their biggest money makers, people would no longer need to use the dangerous psychoactive drugs with side effects that are sometimes worse than the original condition. Next would come all of the textile uses it can make fabric stronger than cotton, grows and process much easier and is cheaper to produce. Then there are the recreational uses why would people continue to use tobacco when it has been proven to kill when they could use something much safer without fear of prosecution. Someday the world will be in the hands of the next generation a generation of informed intelligent people who no longer accept things at face value. We will use ethics the way it is meant to be used to help people not to find ways in which to justify the controls enforced on them. Critical thinking will be put to use to solve the crises caused by years of denial and ignorance we will no longer use unsafe drugs simply because they are considered socially acceptable. Unfortunately, that day may be far away until then we can just hope for the majority of people to wake up and take a look at what the government is saying with it policies on marijuana and their polices on alcohol and tobacco. Do we want money controlling our government this does not maximize our utility the people should control policy not companies. Someday we will outlaw political lobbing and truly punish the corrupt who line their pockets with money from special interest groups who seek less regulations so that they can make a profit. We will no longer endure the injustices perpetrated against us, the sick are being giving drugs that do not really help and in most cases makes things worse. America is a global leader when it comes to human rights yet our citizens sometimes have fewer freedoms than we think. In the constitution, it states every man has the right to the pursuit of happiness for some people, happiness is relaxing with some marijuana and the right to use it should be protected. We know that tobacco and alcohol can kill you we also know that marijuana cannot so maybe it is time that we apply ethics to this issue, do the greatest good for the greatest number, and legalize marijuana.

E Health Is Combined Use Of Electronic Information Technology Essay

E Health Is Combined Use Of Electronic Information Technology Essay Health is a major concern for everyone in this world. The implementation of Information and Communication Technologies in the medical field has modified the present definition of health care. It suggested the solution that can benefit both patient as well as health care professionals. eHealth provides solutions in a wide spectrum and it includes various health care products, systems and services. It includes tools for health professionals as well as for patients and citizens. Various services or systems that are covered under eHealth are; health information networks, electronic health records, telemedicine services, Consumer health informatics, Healthcare Information Systems, Health knowledge management. Patients share their health information with their physician in order to improve their health treatment. Patients Information is stored in Electronic Health Record. It has been observed from a survey conducted in Sweden that 95% of all documentation in primary care is made in electronic healthcare records (1). Almost 55% of the Pharmaceutical prescriptions are issued digitally in Sweden and transmitted directly to the pharmacy store (1). The challenging issue which is associated with the eHealth system is the protection of Medical Records. Since the data is transmitted over the network from one place to another so it is suffering from the major security concern. An electronic medical record (EMR) stores personal data which includes medical test results, prescription, hospitalizations, etc. Privacy in the ehealth system can be classified into two categories; Content oriented privacy and contextual privacy (2). So eHealth system can be termed as a secure system if it can deal with both these aspects of privacy. Content oriented privacy indicates the capability or authority of the health care stakeholders in disclosing the patients personal information to other parties (marketing, insurance) whereas contextual privacy indicates the ability of a malicious entity to guess the disease of a patient correctly by identifying the field/domain of his physician. Background In earlier days physicians used to use paper charts for recording the encounters with the patient. Details about medications, lab tests, X-rays etc the patient has taken, needs to be recorded in the chart for future reference. As the medical care became more and more complex, it became tedious for physicians to maintain a good patient record on these paper charts. They needed new technologies to help them to cope up with the increasing needs. With the advancement in the information and communication technologies, the idea of storing the patient records electronically came in around 1960s, when Dr. Lawrence Weed introduced the concept of Electronic Health Record. Weeds innovation allowed a third party to verify the diagnosis to avoid any errors. In 1972, Regenstreif Institute developed first medical record system which combined both inpatient and outpatient data recording (3). Electronic Health Records (EHR) Systems stores the entire health and medical history of a patient in a computerized, electronic format. The record includes the details about patient demographics, progress notes, medications, past medical history, vital signs, laboratory data, immunizations and radiology reports. Keeping these vast records in this organized manner, makes it more efficient to retrieve and maintain, when compared to the paper charts (4). As the medical care and the information technology became more and more complex, it became necessary to share the patient records among the various medical departments like clinical, nursing, laboratory, radiology, hospital administration etc in order to maintain a proper medical record about the patient. When the health records including sensitive data about the patient were shared electronically among the different departments, privacy and security problems became a major challenge to the EHR systems. The recent studies on security and privacy concerns in EHR systems shows that, there is increasing number of threats resulting from the distributed and decentralized implementations of EHR Systems, and also the use of communication over open and insecure internet. Unauthorized accesses, Denial of service are to name a few. Lack of standardization among these systems made it very difficult for the system administrators to implement a secure system (5). Research Problem The main problem associated with an eHealth system is the privacy, security and confidentiality of Electronic Health data (EHD). EHD stores private and sensitive data of the patient and data of EHD is used by physicians, nursing, laboratory, and pharmacy. The publication of personal sensitive data can seriously compromise the patient privacy. Due to this reason many individual does not go for eHealth treatment since they are afraid of the loss of their Health record including information about their illness or disability. In a survey conducted in Canada, it has been found out that 11-13% of Canadians have held back information from a health provider because they were afraid of the privacy of their data (6). In a survey conducted in America, 77% of the population is concerned about their medical information being used for marketing purposes (7). We are trying to figure out the peoples concern about the privacy of their health care record at Stockholm. We will examine the opinion of pu blic regarding the privacy of their health information and accessing eHealth service. Question The research questions drawn from the above problem set are: To what extent, privacy of health care records affects the individuals decision of accessing eHealth service? Are there certain groups of people for whom the privacy is a major issue while accessing the eHealth service? Goal The purpose of conducting this research is to examine the present scenario of the Health care system in Sweden. Research result will be helpful for patient, health care professionals and health care organizations. How the present scenario related to the privacy and the confidentiality of the Health care data is affecting the decision of accessing the eHealth Service. This survey will help to reveal the importance of Security in this field. Method In this section, we presented the description of the research methodology conducted in this paper, followed by the limitations of the research carried out and the reasons of such limitation. Method Description We are going to select inductive reasoning method for our research work. We will draw generalized conclusions from a finite collection of specific observations. Literature Review previous studies: we will study different literatures in the form of research reports and surveys which is conducted on EHR privacy in different parts of the world and then we will identify the present challenges related to patient privacy in Electronic health. Survey: we will formulate a questionnaire based on the identified privacy challenges and conduct a survey among the public to collect data. The questionnaire will be around 10-15 questions which will mainly focus on the awareness of e-health privacy among patients. The sample size for our survey will be around 100-150. Also we are planning to use the facts and figures available in the Internet as a secondary data source for our research. Suggested below are some of samples Do you think that your doctor should be able to access all your medical record in order to provide the best care? Are you willing to share your personal medical information to help government officials to research on disease outbreaks? Do you think that you should be able to access all of your medical records to verify the correctness of the medical record? How concerned are you about your medical records being used by marketing agencies? Formulating the Guidelines: Analyze the data collected, to derive a statistics on the research questions. We will be using IBMs SPSS tool to analyze the data collected and derive the statistics based on it. This statistics will help to find out how much the people are concerned about the privacy in EHR systems. Revising the guidelines: Based on the statistics, draw a conclusion and suggest ways to improve the privacy of patients sensitive data in e-Health. Report writing: The report will be constructed detailing the privacy challenges in EHR system and will point out the feasible suggestions. Limitations Because of the time constraint, the population that we are targeting for this survey includes only undergraduates, graduates, post graduates and post doctoral students (age group 18-35) in KTH (both Main Campus and Kista Campus). We are conducting this survey on limited range of age group, so the result will not include the opinion of elder citizens.

Violence On The Tube :: essays research papers

Violence on the Tube One Saturday morning many years ago, I was watching an episode of the ‘ Roadrunner' on television. As Wile E. Coyote was pushed off of a cliff by the Roadrunner for the fourth or fifth time, I started laughing uncontrollably. I then watched a ‘Bugs Bunny' show and started laughing whenever I saw Elmer Fudd shoot Daffy Duck and his bill went twirling around his head. The next day, I pushed my brother off of a cliff and shot my dog to see if its head would twirl around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obviously, that last sentence is not true. Some people believe that violence on the tube is one of the main factors that leads to real-life violence, but in my opinion, television is just a minor factor that leads to real-life violence and that it is the parents responsibility to teach kids the difference.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Rathus in Psychology in the New Millennium, observational learning may account for most human learning (239). Observational learning extends to observing parents and peers, classroom learning, reading books, and learning from media such as television and films. Nearly all of us have been exposed to television, videotapes, and films in the classroom. Children in day- care centers often watch Sesame Street. There are filmed and videotaped versions of great works of literature such as Orson Welles' Macbeth. Nearly every school shows films of laboratory experiments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But what of our viewing outside of the classroom? Television is also one of our major sources of informal observational learning. According to Sweet and Singh, viewing habits range from the child who watches no television at all to the child who is in front of the television nearly all waking hours. They say that on average, children aged 2 to 11 watch about 23 hours of television per week, and teenagers watch about 22 hours per week (2). According to these figures, children spend less time in the classroom than they do watching television. During these hours of viewing, children are constantly being shown acts of violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why? Simple: violence sells.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People are drawn to violence in films, television dramas, books, professional wrestling and boxing, and reports of crime and warfare. Does violence do more than sell, however? Do media portrayals of violence beget violence in the streets and in the home?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems clear enough that there are connections between violence in the media and real violence. In the 1990's, for example, audiences at films about violent urban youth such as Colors, Boyz N the Hood, and Juice have gotten into fights, shot one another, and gone on rampages after the showings.

Criticism Essay -- essays research papers

Criticism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Criticism can be negative or positive; the way it is said may be good or bad. Why do most of us want to avoid giving or receiving criticism? The purpose of criticism is to encourage positive outcomes (what the giver wants). Ideally, it brings balance into our lives, provides us with a basis of comparison, and brings truth, honesty, and intimacy. Hopefully, it gives us honest feedback—a balance of praise and criticism. Do most of us want to know how we are doing?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why do successful business people actually seek out criticism from people they respect? Why do people feel they are unfairly criticized? Are tone of voice, choice of words important? What communication skills does one need to criticize well? Why do those who are criticized act defensively? Can one be defensive and actually hear what is being said?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RECEIVING CRITICISM:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is this a great source of stress? Have the past criticisms from parents, teachers, and other made us into the person we are today? The receiver must try must try to personalize the criticism and view it as information worthy of examination (either to accept or reject). Often we associate the one criticizing us with hostile bosses or other in the past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is the criticism valid? What is the intention? What action is needed to be taken?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the worst part of receiving criticism? (Loss of control, emotional involvement, etc.). How do we normally react? (Defensive, stop listening, cry argue, blame others, feel rejected) How can we reduce the stress? (Perhaps see criticism as just information). Do we normally ask several questions: is it â€Å"legitimate†? Does the person have a right to criticize us (neighbor, parent, and spouse, boss)? What is the intention—blame me, embarrass me, destroy me? What words set us off in anger—name used, should have, must have, always, never, but†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Does the criticism tell you what is wrong and what is expected in the future? Is the information correct?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.† Need to deal with criticism correctly: ask question to understand exactly what the person means, find out the intention of the person means, how one rectifies th... ...make you feel inferior without your consent.† We often carry on an internal dialogue with ourselves in which we criticize ourselves. Self-criticism is the most popular form of criticism. We focus on negative aspects of behavior, instead of evaluating ourselves both positively and negatively. One needs touse self-criticism to inspire oneself to new heights, not to lows. Often we defeat ourselves by focusing on criticism rather than a remedy. We are usually too general: â€Å" I made a mess of everything.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Make Criticism into a Positive Force   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Criticism is a vital part of our lives. If used well, it can empower us; if used badly, it can destroy careers, relationships, and destroy self-confidence. Key questions to ask: Is the person giving criticism off limits? Does it have value? Does it call for a specific action? It is worse to get no criticism than to receive it. When criticizing others, remind the person you are not personally criticizing others him/her but a specific action. Avoid criticizing in front of others. Maintain the other person’s self-esteem—don’t destroy them. Criticism is a commutation tool to bring about change.

Policing Functions Paper

Individual Policing Functions Paper The police departments have come a long way from the way they were many years ago. The police have changed for the better but there is still room for improvement. In policing today there are a lot more officers, detectives, and other law enforcement officials accounted for then there was in the past years. When we have all of these people in the criminal system, it has made the government to be able to provide better protection for the people in the communities. Policing in the past and in the present there are many different outlooks of how the policing functions..These functions stem from different levels of law enforcement which includes the local, state, and federal organizational levels. These are very important parts of the criminal justice system, because every individual within these levels must be sure to protect citizens, enforce law, and perform the duties that are required of them in order to keep the United States safe from criminals a nd terrorist attacks from other foreign countries that might try to attack the United States. As years have passed on within policing, there are many possible future changes that will have an effect in the field of policing.Within each level of policing there are many different roles in which every individual in the policing field must take part in if they are going to be on the law enforcement team. I say this because this is a very serious 24/7 operation and the duties are never ending for each of the levels. The local law enforcement agencies were put in place to do routine patrol within the communities that are within their jurisdiction. Local police officers are also able to assist with emergency services, upholding traffic enforcement, and conduct criminal investigations.These local police officers overall role is to ensure that all citizens are safe within their communities. To ensure residents in their community, officers will ensure that they are safe by communication. Back in time officers were not to friendly with the residents they came in contact with, but that has also changed because law enforcement need residential help. Officers that work within the state level also have different functions that they must fulfill while working under the state level. State police will sometimes work with the local police officers, if need be.The state officer’s main function within the criminal justice system is ensuring that the main state highways and any rural areas within the particular state are safe. State officers are also in charge of inspecting suspicious vehicles. Under the federal government there are different agencies that have different functions. There are three popular organizations that are within the federal government in which they are Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), The United States Marshal Service, and the United States Border Patrol, in which all three organizations have different functions that must be completed correctly. The functions of the FBI are responsible for major criminal investigation such as major drug organization, and any other high profile crimes. The United States Marshal Service function is to apprehend suspects that may be on the run because of their high profile case. The Us Marshal must also transport criminals/prisoners from state to state if needed. In addition the United States Border Patrol function is to ensure that even individual that enters or exist the United States have the proper documents in order to re-gain entrance into the United States.The Border Patrol also will have the right to check for any illegal good or drugs that individuals might try to smuggle into the United States. All there organizations work hand in hand in order to protect the citizens of the county and the county as a whole. All three level of the criminal justice system have many different functions within each level organizations, but they all serve for the same purpose in which is to protect citiz ens from illegal acts, and to ensure that the United States is free from different attacks.The levels of the criminal justice system have faced many changes in the past and still more changes to come for the near future. Since the attacks on the United States occurred on September 11, 2001 it damaged the United States in the worse way. There were changes that occurred after this attack, in which affect every level in the criminal justice system. At first the levels of the criminal system were out looking for individuals that commit misdemeanors and felonies, now the main function and role of the local, state, and federal levels is to ensure that the United States is protected from terrorism.In the near future there will be more effective technology, such as upgraded computer system, radar system, and different technology features that can help pinpoint and suspect. Lastly, all three levels in the near future may become one whole. I say this because in the near future every helping h and and every set of eyes is what the government is going to need. Reasons behind this are; as the world continues to change the crimes in the near future may be worse in what it has been in the past, and how it is at this current moment.These changes may have affected each level of law enforcement but the positive outcome of the change for all levels is that all local, state, and federal agencies now have the ability to share and use information with each other. This is a great choice because all levels will always be on the same page, and will all be alerted if something arises in the United States. All missions, functions, and roles within all levels still remain the same. The local, state, and federal level must learn how to maintain the crime level at the same time while protecting the country from for highly dangerous terrorist attacks.Thus the criminal justice system and the levels local, state, and federal level are always going to face different situations and will always e ncounter changes within the system. At all time the local, state, and federal level must still maintain all functions that are required from them. As stated in this paper it has examined the various perspectives of the policing function from the local, state, and federal organizational level. In this paper it has addressed the possible future changes in laws and the overall impact that these levels must face in the field of policing.

Hypermarket Impact on Small Retailer

ABSTRACT Kedai runcit or sundry shops have been a standard feature of our housing estate landscape ever since there were housing estates. These mom-and-pop operations have been selling to their surrounding residents everyday essentials such as groceries, fresh produce, poultry, toiletries, etc. Their reasonable price and close distance have made them popular among residents of the housing estates in which they are located. Lately, though, their popularity has been on the decline due to competition from wholesale markets or hypermarkets which can offer the same items cheaper and conveniently under one roof.Local and foreign-bred hypermarkets such as Giants, Tesco and Carrefour have been invading our towns, big and small, leaving the traditional sundry shops fighting for their business. Many of these small-scale individually-owned shops have since closed their operations permanently or moved them a little further outskirt of town, away from the hypermarket catchment. Just how serious i s the impact of these hypermarkets on the operation of the sundry shops has so far not been fully investigated in Malaysia although many studies have been carried out elsewhere.Thus, this paper presents a study that has been carried out by the authors to investigate how serious the impact is in Johor Bahru. A sample of three hypermarkets was chosen for this study. Using GIS, we spatially showed the annual changes in the density of sundry shop licenses issued by the local authority within the catchment of each hypermarket, three years before as well as three years after the inaugural date of the hypermarket. Also using GIS, we corroborated the decline in the number of sundry shops within the surrounding housing estates with the residing addresses of the surveyed customers of the hypermarkets.The results obtained confirmed that the operation of hypermarkets does contribute to the decline in the number of sundry shops and the degree of the decline decreases radially outward from the lo cation of the hypermarkets. The findings from this study suggest that some rethinking needs to be done about the manner in which hypermarket licenses, or sundry shop licenses for that matter, are issued. Even our current policy of allowing a certain percentage of new housing development to be set aside for shoplots may also need to be reviewed.Keywords: Hypermarkets, sundry shops, GIS spatial analysis 1. INTRODUCTION Kedai runcit or a sundry shop is any shop that sells groceries and other daily items directly to its customers in small quantity (Osman, 1988). Normally, sundry shops are owned by individuals or shared by several individuals and offer limited number of items and quantity. In Malaysia one can find sundry shops in almost every housing estates and villages and they normally have a limited cathment area.A hypermarket, in contrast, is a big-scale retail store that offers a variety of goods and services all conveniently under one roof (Duncan, Hollander and Savitt, 1983). A h ypermarket commands a wide catchment area and it is normally owned by big companies who have numerous branches of the hypermarkets in many places. Among the more-popular chains of hypermarket operating in Malaysia are the locally-owned Giant Hypermarkets, and foreign-owned Tesco Hypermarkets and Carrefour Hypermarkets.Like in any modern country, hypermarkets in Malaysia have been expanding their operation to meet the demand of current generation for quality, convenience, product variety and long operation hours (Malaysian Ninth Plan, 2006). However, there are ever growing concern on the negative impacts of hypermarkets on the business of nearby neighborhood sundry shops (Johor Structure Plan 2002-2020, 2005). This is supported by Bennison & Davies (1980) and Seiders & Tigert (2000) whose study concluded that a hypermarket did have a negative impact on the growth of small sundry shops in the area.In spite of the same concern in Malaysia, there have been no study to investigate the sp atial extent of the impact. Thus, a study was set up by the authors to investigate the spatial extent of the impact and also to find out the factors that attract customers to hypermakets, leaving their neighborhood sundry shops struggling for business. 2. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to spatially investigate the impact of a hypermarket on the operation of the surrounding sundry shops.In order to achieve the objectives the following tasks needed to be carried out: 1) identifying the suitable samples of hypermarkets; 2) identifying the market catchment of the hypermarkets; 3) collection of data pertaining to the number of business licenses issued to sundry shop operators within the catchment areas three years before as well as three years after the operation of the hypermarkets; 4) identifying factors that influence the decisions by the customers to shop at these hypermarkets.The method used to conduct the study is discussed in details in the following section. 3. METHOD The first step of the study was to choose a number of hypermarkets as units of analysis. Among the criteria taken into consideration in choosing the hypermarkets were: 1) the year they were opened for business to ensure that the chosen hypermarkets have been operating for at least three years; 2) the distances between each other to avoid overlapping of the market catchments; and 3) the types of goods sold at the hypermarkets so that they match those sold at the neighborhood sundry shops.Of the total of about ten hypermarkets in the City of Johor Bahru, three hypermarkets met these criteria and were chosen for the study. The three hypermarkets were from a locallygrown hypermarket chain known as Giant Hypermarket that are located in Southern City (in Johor Bahru City Centre), in Plentong and in Skudai (10km outskirt of Johor Bahru) (Refer Figure 1. 0). These three hypermarkets served a number of residential areas, known in Malaysia as taman perumahan or housing estates, located betwee n 0 – 20km surrounding them.The next step was the distribution of questionaire sets to 200 customers per hypermarket (100 during weekday and 100 during weekend) containing questions concerning their home addresses and the reasons for choosing to shop at the hypermarkets. Their home addresses were then inputted into the city plan in GIS format to dertermine the extent of each hypermarket’s cathment area. One way to measure the impact of a hypermarket on the neighborhood sundry shops is to actually count the number of sundry shops that are in business several years before and after the hypermarket is in operation.This is difficult to conduct since the monitoring would take as long as the number of years that we are interested in investigating. One way to expedite the process is to actually study the records of the number of annual business licenses issued to sundry shops and assume that each sundry shop that holds such license is actually operating a sundry shop. On this basis, the number of business licenses issued to sundry shops within three years before and after a hypermarket was in operation were obtained from the local authority (Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council).The locations of the business premises of these licenses were then plotted on the city map and then rasterised into a 50m grid format to give a density of sundry shop licenses per fifty square meters for each of the three years before and after the operation of the hypermarkets. The changes in the sundry shop density were then used to explain the impact of the hypermatkets on the business of the sundry shops. 2. Impact on Neighbourhood Sundry ShopsIf most of the customers that patronize these hypermarkets come from the surrounding housing estates as described previously, what is the impact on the sundry shops within those housing estates? The least impact would be slowing down of business for these neighborhood sundry shops while the worst impact would be closing down of busines s. While business slowdown can be investigated, this study only looked at the closing down of business by tracking the number of sundry shop licenses issued annualy by the local authority.Since the impact normally materializes a few years after the opening of a hypermarket, records of licenses three years before and after the opening of the hypermarket were inventoried. Changes in the number of sundry shops were investigated by studying the changes in the density of sundry shop licenses for every 50m2 area surrounding each hypermarket. This is done spatially in GIS by rasterising the 50m2 area into grids and varying the color of the grids according to the number of licenses within the grids for each particular year. Figures 5. 0 – 7. show the annual changes in the density of licenses within the grids for all the three hypermarkets studied. In general, the figures show the decreasing trend in the densities of sundry shops even before the opening of these hypermarkets except fo r the Plentong Giant Hypermarket. The decreasing number of sundry shops surrounding the Southern City Hypermarket (Figure 5. 0) could be attributed to competition among themselves and the operation of another hypermarket chain at the very building occupied by the Giant Hypermarket before it took over the operation.Meanwhile the decreasing number of sundry shops surrounding the Skudai Hypermarket (Figure 7. 0) could be attributed to the opening of another Giant Hypermarket just 4km away the year before the Skudai Hypermarket opened, apart from competition among themselves. The number of sundry shops surrounding the Plentong Hypermarket (Figure 6. 0) on the other hand was on the increase prior to the opening of the hypermarket. Investigation revealed that this was due to the opening of several new housing estates in the area which normally, as the case is in Malaysia, come with a number of shoplots.

By Using the Structural Functionalist Approach Essay

Rule by the people is what a democracy is made of, this might be achieved by having the party in power elected into office into office by the majority, the term democracy and the practice itself is diverse in each country but it has similar features which characterize all forms. This essay explains the impact or contributions of political parties in a Liberal Democracy using the Structural functionalist Approach. It will also converse the important roles that these political parties play in every political structure, specifically in Zambia. To start with, it will explain what the terms Liberal, Liberal Democracy and Political Parties are; it will also explain the Structural functionalist Approach. Thereafter, the works and critiques of having Political parties will later be discussed. According to Emerson (1920), Liberal is that mind or attitude which wills to understand and respect other people`s behavior, opinions it implies vigorous convictions, tolerance for the opinions of others and a persistent desire for sound progress, Democracy is Rule by the people, especially as a form of government; either directly, as in Ancient Greece, or through elected representatives as in many modern societies (representative democracy). Franà §ois (1998). Therefore Liberal Democracy refers to a broad array of related ideas and theories of government that consider individual liberty to be the most important political goal. Partridge, 1866). A political party According to Schlesinger (1992) is a group organized to gain control of government in the name of the group by winning election to public office. The Structural functionalist Approach is an approach that studies, analyses and views structures and systems in any social setting with regards to the role or functions they play in the development of any society. A political party being a structure in a political system has a vital role or function it plays in society. A liberal democracy may take various constitutional forms: it†¦

Lab Report Mn-Steel

Determination of Manganese in Steel Submitted by: ——————- Date of Submission: 27. 03. 11 Objectives: In steel production aside the iron, which is the primary source, some amounts of manganese is used together with carbon. The objective of this experiment is determining the manganese amount in the steel compound by using UNICAM UV-VIS Spectrometer. Theory: Many molecules absorb ultraviolet or visible light. The absorbance of a solution increases as attenuation of the beam increases.Absorbance is directly proportional to the path length, b, and the concentration, c, of the absorbing species. Beer's Law states that A = ebc, where e is a constant of proportionality, called the absorptivity. Different molecules absorb radiation of different wavelengths. An absorption spectrum will show a number of absorption bands corresponding to structural groups within the molecule. In this experiment wavelength range between 400-650nm is used in order to detec t in the visible range. Steel is an alloy primarily composed of iron with carbon content between 0. 2% and 1. 7% by weight. 1. 5% manganese is may be used too, to provide additional strength for a modest price increase. Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another. Manganese is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. In order to detect the manganese amount in the compound KIO4 is used to oxidize Mn+2 to Mn +7 since Mn+2 does not absorb in the visible region therefor cannot be detected.Tungsten lamp is used in the experiment to reach the range between 400-650nm. After the beam comes from the tungsten lamp, it passes through the monocromator to reach the wavelength range which was selected to find the maximum wavelength. After the light passes through the monocromator it goes through the cuvette and then the detector. The cu vette is made of quartz in order to pass the visible light whereas a glass cuvette would absorb it. The Redox Reaction: 5 IO4 – + 2 Mn2+ + 3 H2O ? 2 MnO4 + 5 IO3- + 6 H+ Reagents: KMnO4 KIO4 H3PO4 Unknown SolutionDeionized Water Apparatus: Pipette Beaker Heater UNICAM UV-VIS Spectrometer Quartz Cuvette Volumetric Flask Calculations: Weight of KMnO4 : 0. 09149g Weight of KIO4 : 0. 40807g emax: 525nm Absorbance for the unknown: 0,415 [pic] Conclusion: I: Qualitative and or Quantitative identification II: Error discussion While at the addition step of H3PO4 after 5ml of H3PO4 is pipetted, it was transferred into a volumetric cylinder, and then transferred into the unknown solution and the blank solution. There may have been material loss during the process.Dilution errors may have been done during the dilution process. There may be some personal errors made while weighing the compounds Any scratch, stain or fingerprint left on the cuvette may cause a shift from the accurate wave length in the detected value. If any bubbles left in the cuvette while the detection is made will as well as cause wrong wavelength value. Reference: http://teaching. shu. ac. uk/hwb/chemistry/tutorials/molspec/uvvisab1. htm http://www. kimya. boun. edu. tr/webpages/courses/chem308/Determination%20of%20Manganese%20in%20Steel. pdf

Animal cell project

The Nucleus is found in both the animal cell and the plant cell. The Nucleus function is to direct all functions within the cell. 5. Nucleolus The Nucleolus is found in the nucleus in both plants and animal cells. The nucleolus function is to assemble ribosomes which move out of the nucleus and take positions on the rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) where they are critical in protein synthesis. 6. Chromatin The Chromatin is located in both plant cells and animal cells. The function of the hromatin is to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and prevent DNA damage. 7. Centrioles Centrioles are found only in the animal cell. The function of Centrioles is to produce the cells cytoskeleton which is made up of microtubules and microfilaments. Chloroplast The chloroplast is located only in the plant cell. Chloroplast Job is responsible for making glucose in the process known as photosynthesis. The Chloroplast is green due to chlorophyll a pigment that captures sunlight. The chloroplasts live in the mesophyll cells. 8. Ribosomes Ribosomes are found in both plant and animal cells. The function is to synthesize and make proteins. Ribosomes can be found free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum). 9. Vacuoles Vacuoles are found in both plant cells and animal cells. The vacuoles function is to store food, water, or wastes. The vacuole that is only found in plant cells is the central vacuole. The vacuoles store water, food, and waste. Vacuoles purpose is to serve rimarily as storage units but versatile to perform more than one function. Cell Wall Cell walls are located only in the plant cell. The function of the cell wall is to support and give structure. The cell wall is made up of cellulose. 10. Cell Membrane Cell membranes are located in both plant and animal cells. The Job of the cell membrane is to control what foes into and out of the cell. 11 . Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is found in both plants and animal cells. The Job of the cytoplasm is to keep the organelles safe and in place. 12. Nuclear Envelope The Nuclear Envelope is located in both the plant cell and the animal cell. The nuclear envelopes function is to send a stream of RNA and other info-carrying molecules to the rest of the cell through nuclear pores. These organelles I have listed are in animals and in plant cells or both. The lists of organelles are very unique and if you have never heard of these organelles and cells. I hope you will learn something from my project. In conclusion, my project is to show the similarities and differences between each organelle in a plant cell or animal cell.

Green Economy for XYZ Ltd or the XXX Sector Essay

Green Economy for XYZ Ltd or the XXX Sector - Essay Example Some of these includes lack of adequate skills to operate new technology and also finances to implement the policy. The paper analyzes the solutions to these barriers and takes an insight on the effect it will have to the business and world at large. One of the major breakthroughs of the initiative will be making the world a better place to reside in as fuels are cited as major contributors of world pollution. Introduction In the current days, there has been an increased change in the environmental conditions. This has resulted to global warming which is a condition that has earned global concern all over the world. Global warming has mainly been associated by increased release of carbon dioxide and other gases in the environment. The highest contributor of the gas release is the petroleum and its products. This has called for an urgent review on the alternative methods that can be used to get alternative sources of energy to supplement the use of petroleum. Non-governmental organiza tion has started campaigns to sensitize people on dangers that the world faces in case it does not change to other renewable sources of energy such as sun, wind, water and geothermal energies. ... In the current days the world has experienced increased release of green gas in the atmosphere which has had an effect on the world overall temperatures. One of the most affected areas is the arctic regions where increase in the temperature levels is changing the ecosystem of the areas through melting of the ice. This has caused distress to animals living in these areas and even some of them succumbing to the temperature changes. Also, the overall world temperatures levels have increased. This has led to increased desertification in various parts of the world. The sea levels have also changed. The sea levels have gone up leading to changes in aqua-system. The move by businesses to use environmental friendly measures would prevent these conditions from aggravating further (Bleischwitz & Hennicke) Green energy is cost savings. In the current days the petroleum prices have seen an increased trend in prices which is bringing a difference in the cost of production. As a result the prices of the commodities have increased tremendously. This has had an impact on the total revenues of the commodity as the consumers’ consumption has changed leading to lowering the revenues of the company. Environmental friendly energy sources are less costly e.g. solar energy and wind energy as they are offered free by nature. This gives an opportunity to business to operate at a lower cost and make profits. Mainly the petroleum industry is controlled by cartels whose main aim is to make profits (HPS, 2009). This has made some of them to take advantage of the growing demand of the commodity. Although for the business to harness the energy it requires capital to install the materials

Personality Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Personality Research - Essay Example What made matters worse was that scales with the same name often measure concepts that are not the same, and scales with different names often measure concepts that are quite similar. Although diversity and scientific pluralism are useful, the systematic accumulation of findings and the communication among researchers became difficult amidst the Babel of concepts and scales. In this paper, we would be discussing on the commonalities and continuing controversies in personality research. Many personality researchers had hoped that they might devise the structure that would transform the Babel into a community speaking a common language. However, such integration was not to be achieved by any one researcher or by any one theoretical perspective. As Allport once put it, "each assessor has his own pet units and uses a pet battery of diagnostic devices" (1958, p. 258). What personality psychology needed was a descriptive model, or taxonomy, of its subject matter. One of the central goals of scientific taxonomies is the definition of overarching domains within which large numbers of specific instances can be understood in a simplified way. Thus, in personality psychology, taxonomy would permit researchers to study specified domains of personality characteristics, rather than examining separately the thousands of particular attributes that make human beings individual and unique. Moreover, a generally accepted taxonomy would greatly facilitate the accumulation and communi cation of empirical findings by offering a standard vocabulary, or nomenclature. After decades of research, the field is approaching consensus on a general taxonomy of personality traits, the "Big Five" personality dimensions. These dimensions do not represent a particular theoretical perspective but were derived from analyses of the natural-language terms people use to describe themselves and others. Rather than replacing all previous systems, the Big Five taxonomy serves an integrative function because it can represent the various and diverse systems of personality description in a common framework . It thus provides a starting place for vigorous research and theorizing that can eventually lead to an explication and revision of the descriptive taxonomy in causal and dynamic terms. Literature Review In this paper, we would first review the history of the Big Five, including the discovery of the five dimensions, research replicating and extending the model, its convergence with research in the questionnaire tradition, and the development of several instruments to measure the Big Five. Then, we would compare three of the most frequently used instruments and report data regarding their reliability and convergent validity. Commonalities or the Lexical Approach One starting place for a shared taxonomy is the natural language of personality description. Beginning with Klages (1926), Baumgarten (1933), and Allport and Odbert (1936), various psychologists have turned to the natural language as a source of attributes for a scientific taxonomy. This work, beginning with the extraction of all personality-relevant terms from the dictionary, has generally been guided by the lexical approach (John et al., 1988, pp.171-203; Saucier &

Perceiving The Problem Of Poverty In Modern Society Essay

Perceiving The Problem Of Poverty In Modern Society - Essay Example Acceptance of poverty, however, has not been an easy fact that the people can easily accept (Stark 381). Stimulating stereotype among poor people is a factor that would increase inequality in societies. Even though people have the right to different opinions concerning poor people, the stereotype of individuals based on poverty has brought limited freedom among low-income families. People stereotype the poor based on education. The poor people have the view of being uneducated individuals (Peck 15). The society views the poor as people who were not ready to work towards achieving given goals in school. People in the society view education as the last option of eliminating poverty. This implies that there is an attachment of essentiality on education as the only way for gaining access to wealth. This leads to stereotyping among poor people in society. The biased individuals view the poor as people think that the poor people are in the circumstances due to their liking. This is an aspect of stereotyped behavior. With this respect, there has been a widened gap concerning the different class of people that base on education practices. It gives rise to the learned and unlearned in the society. Such activities have created low freedom among low-income families within the communities. For example, they do not have access to certain urban sectors where people go to stu dy due to low self-esteem and an inability to achieve the same. Additionally, there is bias in evaluating the position of the poor such as lazy in society (Rank 63). They do not recognize poverty as part of life. Some people believe that poor people are individuals who are not ready to take on opportunities that come their way.

Quantitative research Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantitative research - Term Paper Example Quantitative designs include experimental, non-experimental and quasi-experimental. This examines the cause and outcome relationship between the independent and dependent variables in conditions under high control. According to Polit and Beck (2009), an outcome has to be preceded by a cause without any influencing variable so as to confidently conclude the existence of a cause-outcome relationship. With this design, manipulation could not be possible on all variables. The most classic of these designs according to Cannon (2011) is the pre-test/post-test design where subjects would be assigned to a control or experimental group which does not receive and receives treatment respectively. Other designs include posttest only and factorial designs. This design has been highly regarded due to its strength in demonstrating cause outcome relationship between independent and dependent variables. It gives highest quality evidence concerning intervention effects. Randomization and applications of control group conditions yield almost ideal counterfactual. It offers the greatest corroboration. Even so, it has limitations including the inability of manipulating some variables. The design suffers from ethical constraints when experimenting on humans. It could fail to be feasible as it would be impractical in many healthcare settings. It suffers Hawthorne effect, described by Polit and Beck (2009) as the tendency to change behavior by the people having the knowledge that they are being studied. The non-experimental design would be applied in situations where manipulation of independent variables could be difficult and randomization uncontrolled but the outcome of some conditions occurring naturally could be studied. Studies adopting this design would be more observational than international. Under this could be various designs including descriptive research, ex post